Crusty mushrooms

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Crusty mushrooms
Two-colored crust layer fungus (Laxitextum bicolor)

Two-colored crust layer fungus ( Laxitextum bicolor )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Goatee relatives (Hericiaceae)
Genre : Crusty mushrooms
Scientific name
Laxitextum
Lentz

The crust layer mushrooms ( Laxitextum ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of the goatee relatives . The annual fruiting bodies cover the substrate in layers and have brown flesh. The dark edge is usually bent back and the hymenophore white to cream-colored. The mushrooms have thin-walled, amyloid and ornamented spores . In addition, thin-walled gloeocystids can be found in the fruit layer ( hymenium ) .

The type species is the two-colored crust layer fungus ( Laxitextum bicolor ).

features

Macroscopic features

The annual fruiting bodies, growing in layers (resupinate) or bent back (effuso-reflex) to hat-like (pileat), are relatively easy to detach from the substrate . They become up to 2 mm thick and their bent back part is made up of fibrils to tomentose and often zoned. The color is ocher to dull brown or (especially towards the inside) even darker. The smooth hymenophore , on the other hand, is white to cream-colored. The spore powder leaves a whitish impression. The brown meat ( context ) has a rather soft consistency and is easy to bend with fresh mushrooms. Older specimens can be tough.

Microscopic features

The elliptical, thin-walled, and rough spores have low warts or spines. They show a color reaction (amyloid) when iodine solution is added and measure 4–6 × 2.5–3.5 µm. The hyphae system is monomitic and has a fairly dense hyphae texture. The tramahyphae are brownish and not inflated, buckles are always present. The club-shaped basidia measure 16-30 µm in length and each have four curved sterigms . In addition, cylindrical to club-shaped and relatively slender gloeocystids occur in the fruit layer ( hymenium ) and the subhymenium below . These are thin-walled, smooth and 40–200 µm long.

Ecology and diffusion

The mushroom lives saprobion table on hardwood. It typically grows on branches and trunks that are in contact with the ground. The fungus causes white rot on the infected wood. The hymenium often shows black, point-like spots. Each point represents a pseudothecium of the parasitic tube fungus Capronia porothelia .

species

Only one species occurs in Europe, the two-colored crusty layer fungus ( Laxitextum bicolor ). There are three types worldwide:

Crusty layer fungi ( Laxitextum ) worldwide
German name Scientific name Author quote
Two-colored crust layer fungus Laxitextum bicolor (Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Lentz 1956 ('1955')
Laxitextum incrustatum Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1981
Laxitextum lutescens Hjortstam & Ryvarden 1981

Systematics

When Lentz defined the genus Laxitextum in 1955 , he placed three species in the genus: Laxitextum bicolor , Laxitextum crassum (=  Phanerochaete crassa ) and Laxitextum roseocarneum (= Dendrocorticium roseocarneum ). The latter two species were later placed in other genera, so that the genus remained monotypical until Hjortstam and Ryvarden described Laxitextum lutescens and Laxitextum incrustatum in 1981 . Within Laxitextum bicolor , however, at least five intersterile groups can be recognized, which can just as easily be viewed as separate species.

Molecular biological studies by Larsson et al. and Miller et al. show that the genus , which was previously placed due to its similar appearance to the layer fungi ( Stereum ), is closely related to both the goose whiskers ( Hericium ) and the tooth skins ( Dentipellis ). The whiskers have coral-like fruiting bodies and a prickly (hydnoid) hymenophore, while the tooth membranes have effuso-reflex fruiting bodies and also a hydnoid hymenophore.

swell

  • H. Jahn: Stereolde mushrooms in Europe (Stereaceae Pil. Emend. Parm. And others, Hymenochaete) . with special consideration of their preconımens in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Pilzkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft in Westfalen (Ed.): Westfälische PILZBRIEFE . tape 8 , Issue 4-7, 1971, pp. 118 ( online [PDF]).
  • Laxitextum. Lentz, US Dept. Agric. Monogr. 24:18 (1956). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b GP Chamuris: The non-stipitate steroid fungi in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada . In: Mycologia Memoirs . Vol .: 14, 1988, pp. 83 ( online ).
  2. ^ A b J. Eriksson & L. Ryvarden: The Corticiaceae of North Europe . tape 4 . Fungiflora, Oslo 1976, p. 795 ( online ).
  3. ^ A b J. Ginns & GW Freeman: The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . Vol .: 157, 1994, pp. 70 ( online ).
  4. ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen, Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Laxitextum. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
  5. ^ PM Kirk, PF Cannon, DW Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . Ed .: CAB International. 10th edition. Wallingford, UK 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 .
  6. ^ Laxitextum. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
  7. ↑ Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Steven L. Miller, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Annemieke Verbeken & Jorinde Nuytinck: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 . Lawrence 2006, p. 960-970 ( online [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : Laxitextum  - collection of images, videos and audio files