Kuleli Askerî Lisesi

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The former school building of Kuleli Askerî Lisesi

The Kuleli Askerî Lisesi , German  military high school Kuleli , was one of the oldest military schools in Turkey. It was based in the Çengelköy district of Istanbul on the banks of the Bosporus . The school was founded in 1845 by the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I and closed in 2016.

history

The Kuleli cavalry barracks in a print by Thomas Allom from 1841
The former school building

The Kuleli Askerî Lisesi was founded on September 21, 1845 under the name Mekteb-i Fünun-ı İdadiye in the Istanbul district of Maçka and was supposed to move into an old barracks building (today part of the İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi ). Due to renovation work in the school building, the school had to stay in Çinili Köşk in Topkapı Palace for the first year . The second school year began with the inauguration of the new school building in the presence of Sultan Abdülmecid I on October 10, 1846.

In 1868 it was decided to merge all military schools. Four secondary schools, including Kuleli, were combined under the name "Umum Mekteb-i İdadî Şahane" and relocated to the former Galatasaray barracks. But it soon turned out that this merger made little sense, and so it was decided that each school should teach independently again. For this reason, the “Mekteb-i Fünun-ı İdadîye” and the “Deniz İdadîsi” (marine high school) were moved to the Kuleli barracks in 1872. As a result, the school was named "Kuleli İdadîsi" (Kuleli Military School). The building was originally built between 1836 and 1839 as a cavalry barracks by the Armenian-born Ottoman architect Garabet Balyan . After the Crimean War , it burned down in 1856 and was rebuilt by the architect. It got its name Kuleli (Eng. "With tower") due to the mighty corner towers built over a square floor plan with a slightly recessed octagonal tower.

During the Russo-Ottoman War in 1877/78 the school building was converted into a hospital. Therefore the school had to move to a building of the military academy in Pangaltı (today Elmadağ ). After the war ended, the school moved back to its ancestral building in Çengelköy in 1879, where the Askeri Tıbbiye İdadisi (Military Medicine School) was also housed . The nearby military hospital was attached to the military medicine school because its building had become too small. The hospital was later moved to the Beylerbeyi neighborhood . The Askeri Tıbbiye İdadisi was relocated to Haydarpaşa in 1910 . In the following years the school was generously expanded.

During the first Balkan War in 1912/13, the Kuleli barracks became a military hospital again. The students were divided. Some were sent to the Kandilli girls' school, others found shelter in the buildings near the Beylerbeyi Palace . At the end of 1913 the school was moved back to its home.

During the First World War , the school was temporarily housed in a Greek orphanage on the island of Büyükada . At the end of the war, due to British pressure in the Moudros armistice negotiations, the building was converted into a dormitory for Armenian Wasin children and refugees who had been abducted under the Ottoman Deportation Act during the First World War .

The Kuleli school was moved to a former military tent camp near the Sünnet Bridge in Kağıthane and a month later it was housed in a police station in Maçka. Due to the British interest in the building, the school had to move to an old police school near the Beylerbeyi Palace in December 1920. With the Treaty of Lausanne , the Kuleli barracks were returned to the Turkish military after the Turkish War of Liberation (1919–1923). The British left the school building and the school was able to resume lessons in the old rooms on October 6, 1923.

With the education law "Tevhid-i Tedrisat" from 1924, the school was renamed a civil secondary school and "Kuleli Lisesi". But already at the end of the year the high school became a military school again and in 1925 was named "Kuleli Askerî Lisesi".

During the Second World War , the school was moved to Konya in May 1941 . The Kuleli barracks became a military hospital with 1,000 beds. After the Second World War, the school was moved back to Istanbul on August 18, 1947 and has been based there ever since. Until the 1975/76 school year, the school taught according to the curriculum of the Ministry of Education. The next year the college system was adopted and the schooling time increased from three to four years with a preparatory year.

With a decree of July 31, 2016, both the Kuleli school and all other military schools were closed after the coup attempt . The building is to become the seat of a national museum in the next few years.

Well-known graduates

literature

  • Israfil Kurtcephe: Kuleli Askeri Lisesi'nin Tarihçesi . Yayını, Istanbul 1985.

Web links

Commons : Kuleli Military High School  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Garabed Amira Balian (1800–1866) , Turkish Cultural Foundation
  2. ↑ a b Rouben Paul Adalian: Balian, Garabed (1800-1866). In: Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press, Lanham / Toronto / Plymouth 2010, pp. 217–219, here p. 217.
  3. ↑ a b c Kuleli Askeri Lisesi , Üsküdar Belediyesi, accessed on April 19, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b History of Military High Schools, Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, accessed April 19, 2018.
  5. ↑ Derya Yazman: Kuleli'nin eskiden ünlü kuleleri yoktu , Akitera, August 9, 2011.
  6. ↑ 669 Sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname , Resmî Gazete , TC Bakanlar Kurulu, July 25, 2016.
  7. ↑ Kuleli Askeri Lisesi müze haline getirilecek , Habertürk , November 18, 2018.

Coordinates: 41 ° 3 ′ 31 ″  N , 29 ° 3 ′ 12 ″  E