Alparslan Turkis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alparslan Turkis

Alparslan Türkeş (born November 25, 1917 in Nicosia , Cyprus as Ali Arslan or Hüseyin Feyzullah , † April 4, 1997 in Ankara ) was a Turkish neo - fascist right - wing extremist politician, former colonel and founder of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). He was involved as a colonel in the 1960 military coup .

Life

Alparslan Türkeş was born Ali Arslan on Kirlizade Street in the Haydarpaşa district in the Turkish part of Nicosia in Cyprus (then a British crown colony ). His father was Ahmet Hamdi and his mother Fatma Zehra. His grandfather was an immigrant from the Central Anatolian village of Köşkerli ( Pınarbaşı district of Kayseri province ), who migrated to Nicosia in 1860 because of family disputes with the help of Sultan Abdülaziz . In 1933 his family emigrated to Istanbul . What is certain is that he later officially adopted the pseudonym Alparslan instead of his name. The name is an allusion to the Seljuk ruler Alp Arslan .

In 1936 Alparslan Turkş - later called Başbuğ (leader) by his followers within a personality cult - completed his military training at the cadet school in Istanbul with the rank of senior ensign . In 1940 Türkeş married. This marriage would have five children. In 1944 he  was sentenced to more than 9 months in prison as a captain in the so-called Racism-Turanism Trial for treason - an accusation he vehemently denied - but was then allowed to return to the army . In 1949 he graduated from the so-called War Academy . He was promoted to colonel in 1959. A year later he was one of the 38 officers who overthrew Adnan Menderes , who would later be sentenced to death . Türkeş fell out with the Committee of National Unity and was excluded from this group with 13 other officers. Then Türkeş was exiled to India. In 1963 he returned to Turkey and joined the Republican Peasant People's Party (CKMP), which he chaired in 1965. In the same year he won his first mandate. In 1969 he had the CKMP renamed the Nationalist Movement Party . In 1974 his first wife died and in 1976 he married a second time. This marriage was to have two more children. Türkeş was involved in three coalition governments in Turkey from 1975 to 1978. Under Suleyman Demirel and Bülent Ecevit, he was three times Minister of State and Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (39th – 41st government).

At the same time he founded a paramilitary organization, the Gray Wolves . The Gray Wolves were subsequently responsible for numerous murders of left-wing politicians and intellectuals. Armed clashes between the two groups severely destabilized the political situation in Turkey. As a result , the military took off and Turkeş received 4.5 years in prison, most of which he spent in the military hospital. He and numerous other politicians were banned from politics and the respective parties were banned. After the lifting of the ban went Türkeş 1991 an electoral coalition with the Welfare Party of Necmettin Erbakan and won with the Party of Nationalist work again parliamentary mandate. A year later, the party was allowed to use its old name again. In 1995 the MHP failed at the 10 percent hurdle. At an annual general meeting of his supporters in Germany, in Essen's Grugahalle , he calls on them to join the CDU .

Türkeş died in 1997 as a result of a heart attack . 500,000 people are said to have attended his funeral.

He was married to Muzaffer Şükriye and the father of five children, including the founder of the Party of Enlightened Turkey and later AKP MP Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş .

ideology

In the period from 1930 to 1945, he propagated the Pan-Turkism , together with the Dış Türkler , a group of Turkish refugees from Turkestan . After the Second World War, he founded the right-wing extremist party of the Nationalist Movement , which still exists today. Their aim was to unite the Turkish peoples in order to become independent from Europe and the USA. He was accused of pursuing fascist politics and taking National Socialism in Germany as a model. In his speeches, Türkes also quoted from Adolf Hitler's book "Mein Kampf". During the Second World War he was the contact person for the Hitler government in Turkey. In Germany, Türkeş became known through his meeting with the CSU chairman Franz Josef Strauss and the Turkey expert of the BND and CDU city ​​councilor Hans-Eckhardt Kannapin, who helped him in 1978 in Frankfurt am Main, the foreign department of the MHP, the Turkish Federation -To found democratic idealist associations in Germany .

Ideological self-image

Inspired by the concept of current idealism of the Italian philosopher and politician Giovanni Gentile , Alparslan Türkeş made idealism (Turkish: ülkücülük ) the central concept of his thinking. The idealists consider themselves primarily nationalists. This nationalism is not based on the concept of race, but is - as with Ziya Gökalp  - underpinned by culture. Türkeş defines nationalism in his book Millî Doctrine (Istanbul 1973, p. 42) as follows:

“Our understanding of nationalism has nothing in common with anthropological racism and an aggressive concept of race that disparages other peoples. [...] Anyone who feels like a Turk from the bottom of their heart and subscribes to Turkishness is a Turk. "

In his book Milli Doktrin, Türkeş ascribes the Turks “unlimited scientific, cultural, technical, organizational and statehood skills”. The Turks are so high that they cannot be compared with any other nation.

The nine rays doctrine

Türkeş summarized his ideology in the book Dokuz Işık (Istanbul 1965) into nine rays . The nine rays are called: idealism (ülkücülük) , moralism (ahlakçılık) , science (ilimcilik) , sociability (toplumculuk) , promotion of agriculture (köycülük) , liberalism (hürriyetçilik) , individualism (şahsiyetçilik) , development orientation (gelişmecilik) , populism (halkçılık ) and promotion of industry and technology (endüstri ve teknikçilik) .

The third way

Türkeş rejected communism , but also capitalism , and advocated a so-called third , nationalist way of organizing social life.

The Kurdish question

Alparslan Türkeş viewed the Kurdish question as the result of a plot by foreign enemies. The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) used these to destroy the unity of the Turkish state. The Kurds are Turks and Kurdish nationalism is primarily a Greek conspiracy to infiltrate Anatolia with Armenian and Western support.

Quotes

  • Islam is our soul, Turkishness is our body. A body without a soul is a corpse. (Source of original quote: MHP homepage )
  • Orders require absolute obedience. With disrespectful, soft, undisciplined, and unstructured people, our cause doesn't get anywhere. You have to be exemplary in everything. (ibid.)
  • The most respected family of mankind is the Turkish nation. The nine rays signify the Turkish ideal. (ibid.)
  • A person without an ideal is a being who is no different from mud. (ibid.)
  • To take Islam and deny Turkishness is treason. The opposite is inattentiveness and betrayal alike. (ibid.)

literature

Web links

Commons : Alparslan Türkeş  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Türk Dünyasının Bilge Lideri Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Kurucusu Başbuğ Alparslan TURKEŞ'in Hayatı. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  2. ↑ http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-503120 ( Memento from July 9, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  3. ^ Faruk Şen : Turkey: Country and People. Munich 1986, Beck'sche Schwarze Reihe, p. 110.
  4. ^ Klaus Kreiser : Small Turkey Lexicon. Munich 1991, p. 122
  5. ↑ a b Biography of Alparslan Türkeş ( memento of July 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), MHP website , accessed on December 8, 2009. (Turkish)
  6. ↑ a b Gray Wolves: A Chronology of Silent Power , ZDF , accessed on August 17, 2016.
  7. ↑ Reiner Albert: Nations, Interests, Cultures . Lit Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-8258-0296-7 , pp. 578 .
  8. ↑ Cigdem Akyol: Generation Erdogan: Turkey - a torn country in the 21st century . Ed .: Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau. Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau ,, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-218-00987-4 , p. 208 .
  9. ↑ a b «Then I fired three bullets each in the head» . In: az Solothurn newspaper . ( solothurnerzeitung.ch [accessed on July 8, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Alparslan Türkeş: Milli Doctrine . Istanbul n.d., p. 42
  11. ^ Turkish Daily News October 31, 1991
personal data
SURNAME Türkeş, Alparslan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Türkeş, Ali Arslan (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION neo-fascist, right-wing extremist Turkish politician, former colonel and founder of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1917
PLACE OF BIRTH Nicosia , Cyprus
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 1997
Place of death Ankara