Garabed Amira Balyan

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Portrait of Garabed Amira Balyan

Garabed Amira Balyan , also Garabed Balian , Karabet Balian , Karabet Balyan , Karapet Grigori Balyan (* 1800 in Istanbul ; †  November 15, 1866 there ) was an Ottoman architect and builder of Armenian descent . He worked mainly in Istanbul.

Life

The oldest known member of the Balyan family, Meremmetçi Bali Kalfa, came to Istanbul from Kayseri in the 18th century . Garabed Amira Balyan was born in 1800 as the son of the architect Krikor Amira Balyan (1764–1831) and was a great-grandson of Kalfa. He completed his training with his father and from 1831 was the court architect of the sultans Mahmud II , Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz .

First he worked with his brother-in-law Ohannes Serveryan, and later with Nigoğayo's son Bey Balyan , with whom he built the Dolmabahçe Palace between 1849 and 1856 . He built several mills and foundries for the Dadian industrial family of Armenian descent. For the sultans he built palaces, mosques, hospitals and military facilities. He planned and built churches for the Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire. Its sacred buildings are influenced by the medieval architecture of the old Armenian capital Ani , the palace complexes incorporate architectural elements from European palace architecture and are also based on contemporary French architecture.

In the Belgrade Forest near Istanbul, he built weirs and dams with which the water supply for the city should be ensured.

Balyan was involved in the Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire. He and his brother-in-law Ohannes Kalfa founded the Jemaran School in Üsküdar and opened a school for agricultural technicians.

Grabed Balyan had six sons and five daughters with his first wife Nazemi and a son and daughter with his second wife Maritsa. Four sons also became architects and decisively shaped the cityscape of Istanbul: Nigoğayos Bey Balyan (1826–1858), Sarkis Bey Balyan (1835–1899), Agop (Jakob) Bey Balyan (1837–1875) and Simon Bey Balyan (1846–1894 ).

Balyan died of heart failure on November 15, 1866.

Buildings

Kuleli barracks , built between 1837 and 1839
Dolmabahçe Palace , built between 1849 and 1856 together with the son Nigoğayos Balyan
Dolmabahçe Mosque , built between 1852 and 1854
  • 1835–1843: Çırağan Palace , Beşiktaş , Istanbul (demolished by Sultan Abdülmecid I , new building by Nigoğayos Balyan)
  • 1838: Jemaran School, Üsküdar , Istanbul, Balyan founded the school with his brother-in-law Ohannes Kalfa
  • 1837–1839: Kuleli barracks , Çengelköy , Istanbul
  • 1838: Surp Asdvadzadzin Church, Beşiktaş, Istanbul
  • 1840: mausoleum for Mahmud II.
  • 1842: Tuchmühle, İzmit , for Ohannes Dadian
  • 1843: Textilmühle, Hereke , Ohannes and Boghos Dadian
  • 1846: Military Academy (today Military Museum)
  • 1846: Medical College
  • 1848: Hırka-i-Serif Mosque, Fatih , Istanbul
  • 1849–1856: Dolmabahçe Palace , Beşiktaş, Istanbul (built together with son Nigoğayos Balyan)
  • 1849: Gümüşsuyu Military Hospital
  • 1850: Cotton mill, Bakırköy , Istanbul
  • 1850: Military engineering school
  • 1852–1854: Dolmabahçe Mosque , Beşiktaş, Istanbul, built for Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan, mother of Sultan Abdülmecid I.
  • 1854: Agricultural Engineering School, Balyan Foundation for the Armenian Community
  • 1856–1859: Cemile Sultan Palace and Münire Sultan Palace (Çifte Saraylar), Beyoğlu, Istanbul (destroyed in 1948, rebuilt by Sedat Hakkı Eldem until 1953 ; today Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi )
  • St. Mary's Church, Beşiktaş, Istanbul
  • Holy Cross Church, Beşiktaş, Istanbul
  • Trinity Church, Galata , Istanbul
  • Jacob's Church, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul
  • Saint Sargis Church, Bandırma
  • Armenian Hospital, Yedikule , Istanbul, Balyan Foundation
  • Iron and steel foundry, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul

Awards

literature

  • Pars Tuğlacı : The Role of The Balian Family in Ottoman Architecture . Yeni Cigir Bookstore, Istanbul 1990, ISBN 975-95552-1-2 (English)
  • Hasan Kuruyazıcı (Ed.): Batılılaşan İstanbul'un Ermeni Mimarları / Armenian Architects of Istanbul . Hrant Dink Vakfi, Istanbul 2016, ISBN 978-6058990050

Web links

Commons : Garabed Amira Balyan  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rouben Paul Adalian: Balian, Garabed (1800-1866) . In: Historical Dictionary of Armenia . Scarecrow Press, Lanham / Toronto / Plymouth 2010, pp. 217-219
  2. ^ Ekrem Buğra Ekinci: The Balyan Family: Armenian masters behind Ottoman architecture , Daily Sabah, September 29, 2916
  3. ↑ Garabed Amira Balyan . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 6, Saur, Munich a. a. 1992, ISBN 3-598-22746-9 , p. 532.
  4. ↑ Garabed Amira Balyan . In: Jonathan Bloom, Sheila S. Blair (Eds.): Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture . Volume 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 1999, p. 259
  5. ↑ a b c Garabed Amira Balyan (1800 - 1866) , Turkish Cultural Foundation, accessed April 18, 2018
  6. ^ A b Alyson Wharton: The Architects of Ottoman Constantinople: The Balyan Family and the History of Ottoman Architecture . IB Tauris, London / New York, 2015, p. 37
personal data
SURNAME Balyan, Garabed Amira
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Balian, Garabed; Balian, Karabet; Balyan, Karabet; Balyan, Karapet Grigori
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman-Armenian architect
DATE OF BIRTH 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Istanbul
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1866
Place of death Istanbul