Beşiktaş

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Beşiktaş
Beşiktaş coat of arms Map of Turkey, position of Beşiktaş highlighted
20131206 Istanbul 031.jpg
The Dolmabahçe Mosque and the clock tower on the Bosphorus
Basic data
Province (il) : Istanbul
Coordinates : 41 ° 3 '  N , 29 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 3 '0 "  N , 29 ° 1' 0"  E
Surface: 18.04 km²
Residents : 190,033 (2015)
Population density : 10,534 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+90) 212 (European part)
(+90) 216 (Asian part)
Postal code : 34 xxx
License plate : 34
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Rıza Akpolat ( CHP )
Website:
Beşiktaş County
Kaymakam : Abdullah Kalkan
Website (Kaymakam):
Template: Infobox location in Turkey / maintenance / district
Template: Infobox Location in Turkey / Maintenance / District Without Inhabitants Or Area

Beşiktaş (German formerly Beschiktasch ) is a district of the Turkish province of Istanbul and at the same time a district on the European side of Istanbul . Beşiktaş has 188,793 inhabitants (as of 2014).

City structure

The 23 mahalls of Beşiktaş

Beşiktaş is divided into 23 districts ( Mahalle in Turkish ), including the more important Arnavutköy , Bebek , Etiler , Levent and Ortaköy districts .

Etiler is one of the most expensive residential and office districts in the city. Akmerkez , one of the largest shopping malls in Istanbul is located here . The neighboring Levent in the northwest of Beşiktaş has developed into a center for corporate and bank headquarters since the 1990s. The cityscape is dominated by high-rise buildings. Ortaköy ("middle village"), north of Yıldız Park directly at the Bridge of the Martyrs of July 15th , is one of the bars and restaurants districts of Istanbul. Ortaköy was populated with communities of Turks, Greeks, Jews and Armenians during the Ottoman Empire and the first decades of the Turkish Republic, making it a very cosmopolitan place. The Istanbul pogrom in September 1955 caused the emigration of Greeks in particular, as well as Armenians and Jews from Ortaköy.

history

In the later quarters were the Ayios Mamas Palace (Hagios Mamas, the imperial summer palace), the Phocas monastery and the Church of St. Michael, which was probably built under Constantine I. This made the area an important destination for Greek, Armenian and Georgian pilgrims. The monastery of St. Phocas was often visited on public holidays, as Gregorios Palamas reports for the 13th century.

The area did not become a district of the Ottoman capital Istanbul until the 17th century. Beşiktaş Bay was suitable for a port facility, a natural facility that Chair ad-Din Barbarossa had already used for his fleet in the 16th century. He also owned a house there, where he stayed when he was in Istanbul. But soon the bay was transformed into a swamp, in which gardens soon emerged, as well as the palaces of the sultans. Mahmud II. (1808-39) stayed mainly in his palaces in Beşiktaş. There, in 1855, on the ruins of the Hagios Mamas Palace, his son Abdülmecid I built the Dolmabahçe Palace on an area of ​​45,000 m².

The pathetic memorial to Chair ad-Din Barbarossa , a 16th century pirate in the service of the Sultan
Entrance to the Etz Ahayim Synagogue

The Etz Ahayim Synagogue (Tree of Life) was built in Ortaköy as early as the 17th century . It was built by victims of the city fire of 1618 who had fled the Grand Bazaar area. From 1707, after another major fire, it was restored, also after a fire in 1825. The Yeni-Mahalle synagogue was built next to it. In 1936 around 700 Jewish families lived in Ortaköy.

The Greek Orthodox St. Fokas Church

The residence of the sultans, which was created with it, provided for further settlements, so that the transport connections had to be improved. Istanbul's first tram opened in 1869. Their first horse-drawn chariots connected Beşiktaş with Tophane . Although the republic under Ataturk heavily neglected the capital, the palace was little affected, because the founder of the republic stayed when he visited the former capital, mostly in the Dolmabahçe Palace, where he also died in 1938; Ataturk's study and death room are part of the museum there. Ataturk had the Koran translated into Turkish and was the first to read from the translation in the Dolmabahçe Palace.

When Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was on trial in 1960, he was charged with illegally demolishing the buildings of Zirai Donatım Kurumu , the agricultural equipment agency . In the leading architecture journal Arhitekt , he was accused of proceeding haphazardly and of leaving behind contourless areas due to his brutal demolition measures in favor of wide streets, especially in Beşiktaş.

Culture and sights

In the 19th century, the Dolmabahçe Palace was built on the site of the silted Dolmabahçe Bay ; it was the Sultan's palace until 1923 . Other attractions include the Dolmabahce Mosque , St. Fokas Church , Etz Ahayim Synagogue and Ortaköy Mosque .

Beşiktaş is home to the fish and vegetable market (Balık Çarşısı) , the İstanbul University of Technology, international hotels and the Beşiktaş and Ortaköy piers for ferry traffic.

Sports

The Beşiktaş Istanbul football club was founded in this district and bears his name. The official name of the club is Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü) , abbreviated to BJK. It is the first sports club in Turkey and the third football club. The Inönü Stadium was also located in Beşiktaş. It was demolished in 2013 for the newly created Vodafone Arena .

Twin cities

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Beşiktaş  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Beşiktaş Nüfusu - İstanbul, 2015 , accessed on February 15, 2016
  2. ↑ Alice-Mary Talbot: A Monastic World , in: John Haldon (Ed.): A Social History of Byzantium , John Wiley & Sons, 2009, p. 264.
  3. ^ Eugenia Bolognesi Recchi-Franceschini: Palatia. Imperial palaces in Constantinople, Ravenna and Trier , Rheinisches Landesmuseum, 2003, p. 58.
  4. ↑ Jak Deleon: The Bosphorus. A Historical Guide , Inter Media, 1999, p. 48.
  5. ↑ Okşan Svastics, Monika Demirel: Jüdisches Istanbul , Mandelbaum, 2010, p. 154.
  6. ↑ Gönul Öney: The Ortaköy district: a living example of sharing in harmony the rich and varied cultural heritage of Istanbul , in: Cultural Heritage and Its Educational Implications. A Factor for Tolerance, Good Citizenship and Social Integration: Proceedings, Seminar Organized by the Council of Europe [...], Brussels (Belgium), 28-30 August 1995 , Brussels 1998, pp. 59-62, here: pp. 60.
  7. ^ Murat Gül: The Emergence of Modern Istanbul. Transformation and Modernization of a City , Tauris Academic Studies, 2009, Paperback, IB Tauris 2012, p. 53.
  8. ^ Murat Gül: The Emergence of Modern Istanbul. Transformation and Modernization of a City , Tauris Academic Studies, 2009, Paperback, IB Tauris 2012, p. 143.
  9. ^ Murat Gül: The Emergence of Modern Istanbul. Transformation and Modernization of a City , Tauris Academic Studies, 2009, Paperback, IB Tauris 2012, p. 164.