Extinguishing water supply
Extinguishing water supply refers to devices and processes for the provision of water for fire protection .
Cities and municipalities must ensure an adequate supply of extinguishing water for the fire brigades in order to guarantee fire protection. This is generally done in the form of a central extinguishing water supply , in which the water distribution system of the drinking water supply is supplemented by extraction points for extinguishing water , the hydrants . Where this is not possible to a sufficient extent, water extraction points are provided from streams, lakes or specially created extinguishing water tanks.
It will be between one
- dependent extinguishing water supply, which is provided by the hydrants of the public water supplier,
and one
- independent extinguishing water supply that is not dependent on a pipeline system
distinguished.
Dependent extinguishing water supply
For their drinking and industrial water supplies, the municipalities provide water extraction points in the form of hydrants at close intervals. The required amount of extinguishing water is between 24 and 192 m³ / h, depending on the structural use, usage density and the risk of fire spreading.
However, water supply companies are usually not legally obliged to ensure the required extinguishing water supply in whole or in part via the public drinking water network. In Germany, water supply companies regularly refer to DVGW worksheet W 405 (Provision of extinguishing water by the public drinking water supply) with regard to the provision of extinguishing water.
According to DVGW and AGBF, the distances between the hydrants should be less than 150 m.
As in other countries, companies in Germany can be obliged by the respective municipality as the responsible body for the fire service and on the basis of the applicable fire service law to keep a specified number of hydrants available on the factory premises.
The amount of water to be expected by the fire brigade that a hydrant can deliver depends on the diameter and the water pressure of the water pipe, as well as on the laying of the water pipes (ring pipe or branching / branch pipe). In Germany, the standard value for underground hydrants is assumed to be a yield of diameter × 10 l / min , and diameter × 15 l / min for above-ground hydrants, the diameter being given in mm.
In Austria, the supply of extinguishing water, like all fire protection, is regulated by state regulations. The ÖBFV-RL VB01 gives recommendations .
Extinguishing water supply on private property
On many public and commercial properties, the extinguishing water supply must be ensured via external and wall hydrants.
If the extinguishing water supply is to be provided from the public network, it may be necessary to conclude a separate supply contract with the water supplier for the amount and pressure provided in the event of a fire. Cisterns are also permitted for this.
Types of supply
Full supply Due to insurance, technical and hygienic aspects, the extinguishing water supply is still secured via the public network (full drinking water supply).
Partial supply The extinguishing water supply is mainly implemented via the "drinking water partial supply". The builder receives from the water supplier the contractual commitment to provide extinguishing water in the amount of the registered drinking water requirement (for showers, washing machine, etc.). The additional amounts of water must be stored on the property.
Amortization of extinguishing water systems The partial supply enables the combination of extinguishing water supply and rainwater use. The rainwater harvesting is also operated with the same construction elements with which the fire water supply is realized. The builder saves drinking water, the infiltration system and, depending on local conditions, the sealing fee.
Separation from the public network
Extinguishing water systems with external and wall hydrants (type F) may no longer be connected to the public drinking water network in Germany for hygienic reasons since 1994 (TWIN 6) and 2002 DIN 1988-6. From a hygienic point of view, existing systems are not protected. To protect an extinguishing water system against the public network, only drinking water separation stations (free outlet) and wet-drying stations are permitted.
Independent extinguishing water supply
Suction point for the extraction of extinguishing water in the Tegel Forest , Berlin
A suction point for the extraction of extinguishing water in Grävenwiesbach ( Taunus ) with information sign and volume
A suction point for extraction of extinguishing water, now with corrected distance information
Suction point for the fire brigade in Herbstein , Vogelsbergkreis , Hesse
paved driveway to the suction point for the fire brigade in Herbstein, Vogelsbergkreis, Hesse
If it is not possible to ensure an adequate water supply due to the dependent extinguishing water supply, extinguishing water extraction points can be set up by the municipality at existing running or standing waters , or extinguishing water supplies can be provided in specially created ponds or cisterns .
Since these water extraction points can only deliver a limited supply of extinguishing water under certain circumstances, they are divided into exhaustive and inexhaustible extinguishing water extraction points.
Exhaustive extinguishing water points
Exhaustible extinguishing water points have only a limited water supply. These can be extinguishing water ponds or special underground water tanks (cisterns) .
In Germany, extinguishing water ponds must have a minimum depth of two meters and a capacity of at least 1000 m³ and be provided with a suction shaft or a permanently installed suction pipe.
Cisterns are divided into "small" (75–150 m³), "medium (150–300 m³)" and "large" (> 300 m³) according to their size.
Barrages in streams, the inflow of which is not that large, are also among the exhaustive water points.
Inexhaustible extinguishing water points
Inexhaustible extinguishing water points provide a sufficient amount of extinguishing water over a longer period of time. These include natural or artificially created water intake points in open waters ("suction points"), such as rivers, streams or lakes, provided they guarantee water intake at all times of the year, i.e. do not dry out in summer and do not freeze in winter. The paved driveways must be accessible to vehicles with an axle load of 10 t in all weathers and the extinguishing water point must be usable immediately even in frosty conditions. The suction height should be kept as low as possible and not exceed 5 m. The immersion depth (covering of the suction strainer) must be approx. 30 cm with a water flow of 800 l / min and at least 50 cm with 1600 l / min.
The extraction from the groundwater can also take place via special extinguishing water wells, here the flowing groundwater enables water to be extracted over a longer period of time.
Identification of the various extinguishing water points in Germany
Extinguishing water well according to DIN 4066 B1 (with position information)
Extinguishing water well with integrated deep pump (with position information)
Suction point (with position information)
Suction point
Sign on an extinguishing water cistern (with volume information)
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A description of how these signs are to be assessed can be found under Signs for road fixtures.
Further subdivisions
The extinguishing water supply can also be subdivided according to the direction of the extinguishing target. One differentiates between:
- Extinguishing water supply for basic protection: In Germany, the municipality always has to pay for basic protection.
- Extinguishing water supply for property protection: For property protection, it can depend on the risk whether it is borne by the municipality or the operator who created the risk.
See also
literature
- Lutz Rieck: Die Rote Hefte, Heft 27a - The extinguishing water supply, Part I The collective water supply . 4th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-17-015011-1 .
- Ludwig Timmer: Die Rote Hefte, Heft 27b - The extinguishing water supply, Part II The independent extinguishing water supply . 4th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-17-009519-6 .
- Lothar Schott, Manfred Ritter: Fire Brigade Basic Course FwDV 2 . 20th edition. Wenzel-Verlag, Marburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-88293-220-1 .
Web links
- Water supply in ancient times
- Technical recommendation of the German Fire Brigade Association "Extinguishing water supply from hydrants in public traffic areas" from October 2018
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Up-to-date basic knowledge for service in the fire brigade, issue 19 2016, pages 347 and 356
- ↑ DVGW (Ed.): Provision of extinguishing water through the public drinking water supply . Worksheet W 405.Bonn, February 2008.
- ↑ Technical recommendation - fire water supply from hydrants in public traffic areas. (PDF; 185 kB) German Fire Brigade Association - AGBF / DVGW, December 21, 2018, accessed on December 21, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Fire Brigade Act Baden-Württemberg ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 98 kB), page 3, § 3 tasks of the community
- ↑ Franz-Josef Sehr : Not standardized - nevertheless good, elevated tank as an extinguishing water reservoir . In: Florian Hessen 3/1988 . Munkelt Verlag, Wiesbaden 1988, p. 32-33 . ISSN 0936-5370 .
- ↑ a b Training of the volunteer fire brigades - machinist for fire engines, Neckar-Verlag 2002, page 24
- ↑ Information letter from the Duisburg waterworks (PDF; 325 kB) on ground and property protection using extinguishing water