gunner
Kanonier (short: Kan ) is the name for members of a gun crew, but also the lowest rank for soldiers of the artillery .
In the Bundeswehr , gunner is one of the rank designations for soldiers in the lowest rank .
history
The expression "canonier", used in France since 1411, came from there to the artillery of other states. The “maître cannonier” took over supervision in the absence of the play captain , so he was an officer. In Prussia, the artillery sergeant was first called a gunner , and only later were the men called as they are today.
After the artillery moved up to the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. Century developed into the armed forces of the land forces , their members were also considered regular soldiers. In place of the numerous functional designations of the earlier artillery system, the uniform designation gunners was used in the army of the German Confederation and the German Reich . Higher mental and physical demands were placed on them than on members of other branches of arms. This requirement was served by an appropriate selection in the drafting of the recruits (technical professions were preferred) as well as special training methods in the training.
The tasks to be solved were precisely defined and divided among the gunners of a gun crew. The directional gunner, for example, was responsible for setting the gun in azimuth and elevation . In the absence of the gun leader , he took over his duties. The breech gunner made sure that the gun breech was functional and that the inside of the barrel was clean and, in many systems, transferred the elevation angle to the barrel. The loading gunner introduced the projectile and propellant charge into the hold of the barrel. Igniter , ammunition and charge Gunner were together for preparing the ammunition to shoot and the right delivery to the loading gunner responsible. Later the functions of the gunners were designated by numbers (K1, K2 etc.). The function distribution of the gunners remained, depending on the type of gun , in the conventional artillery in principle up to the present day. However, the aim is to mutually substitute the individual gunners .
- FlaK service team
On the anti-aircraft gun 8.8 cm FlaK , the tasks of the gun operator (K = gunner) were as follows:
- K1: Elevation gunner
- K2: side gunner
- K3: loading gunner
- K4 and 5: ammunition gunners
- K6: ignition plate
- K7 and 8: ammunition gunners
- K9: FlaK commander
From 1919 on, gunners was also the designation for the lowest rank of the men in the artillery . This was then also maintained in the Wehrmacht until 1945.
Gunner France around 1630
Gunner Saxon foot artillery around 1815
Gunner Assault Gun (Wehrmacht until 1945)
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armed forces
Rank designations
Soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the artillery troops that are not equipped with self - propelled howitzers ( rocket artillery batteries , the earlier field artillery batteries , the earlier mountain artillery battalions with mountain howitzers , observation batteries , drone batteries if not part of the Army Reconnaissance Force , the earlier escort batteries in the air force in the lower level, as well as the first level of air force in the air force in the low level air force , as well as army uniform bearers in the lowest rank in the troops of the geographic information service of the Bundeswehr set up in succession to the topography troops carry the rank of gunners . The same applied to soldiers in the lowest rank of the former topography troops and the former army anti-aircraft troops . The rank of gunner corresponds to the rank of rifleman, radio operator, armored infantryman, etc. ( → see here ) of other branches of service. The other ranks in these sections of the Bundeswehr correspond to the general ranks of the Bundeswehr .
 Team rank
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| Lower rank | Higher rank | |
| - | gunner | Private |
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Rank group : Teams-NCOs-NCO-NCOs-Lieutenant-Captains-Staff officers-Generals |
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particularities
In contrast to the terms commonly used in artillery troops, other terms can be used for typical protection activities of the gunners concerned . For example, in the armored forces of the Bundeswehr, the following terms are used in the same sense of the word for the handling of the combat vehicle cannon :
National Peoples Army
In the National People's Army of the GDR, the gunner was initially also a function and rank designation. With the service career regulations of December 10, 1970, the rank of gunner was replaced by soldier .
Individual evidence
- ^ Dictionary of German military history, 1st edition (Liz.5, P189 / 84, LSV: 0547, B-Nr. 746 635 0), Military Publishing House of the GDR (VEB) - Berlin, 1985, Volume 1, p. 355 - " Gunner".
- ^ Words and Customs in the German Army, Transfeldt - v. Brand - Quenstedt, 6th increased edition, Hamburg 11 HG Schulz 1967, p. 79 (§102) ... "The use of the gun is done by the canoner or gunsmith".
- ↑ a b The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).