Lamaquitos

Lamaquitos

Location of Lamaquitos in what is now East Timor

Map from 1908, on which Lamaquitos was subsequently drawn

Lamaquitos ( Lamakitu, Lamakhitu ) was a traditional Bunak kingdom in what is now East Timor . According to legend, the empire was founded by seven brothers or allies. Its name comes from the corruption of the Tetum designation lamak-hítu (also hánek-hítu ), which means something like seven bowls . It dominated roughly the area of ​​today's administrative office Maliana , between Cailaco in the north and Maucatar in the south. The mountain Leohito in today's Suco Leber (administrative office Bobonaro ) was also part of the core area of ​​the empire.

In 1719 Lamaquitos participated in the Camenaça Pact to drive the Portuguese and Christianity from Timor . The resulting Cailaco Rebellion finally forced the Portuguese in 1769 to move their colonial capital from Lifau to Dili .

With the colonial demarcation of the Treaty of Lisbon (1859) between Portugal and the Netherlands , Lamaquitos was assigned to Portugal's sphere of influence. In October 1894, the Portuguese governor José Celestino da Silva carried out a successful offensive against the rebellious Lamaquitos.

In 1897 there were several battles for areas in Lamaknen between Lamaquitos and the southern Lakmaras , which had its allies with the Bunak in the southwest and belonged to Dutch territory. The consequence of the various territorial shifts between the local Bunak empires was that the demarcation between the two colonial powers Portugal and the Netherlands remained controversial for a long time and was the subject of lengthy negotiations. In the same year there were deaths in clashes between Dutch and Portuguese troops in Lakmaras. The claim of the Dutch to Maucatar further south was justified so far with the suzerainty over Lakmaras, which created a connection to Maucatar. In the meantime, however, Lakmaras was subject to Lamaquitos. According to the previous agreements, Maucatar would have to fall as an enclave to Portugal. A compromise was reached with the The Hague Convention of October 1, 1904. Portugal was to receive Maucatar in exchange for the Portuguese enclave of Noimuti in West Timor and some border areas. Portugal ratified the treaty until 1909, but then there was a dispute over the demarcation of the border on the eastern border of Oecussi , which is why the area was not exchanged. In 1910 the Netherlands took advantage of the confusing situation after the fall of the Portuguese monarchy to reappropriate Lakmaras with European and Javanese troops. In 1916 Maucatar was finally ceded to Portugal. Llamaknen and Lakmaras stayed with the Netherlands.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Antoinette Schapper: Finding Bunaq: The homeland and expansion of the Bunaq in central Timor ( Memento of the original from October 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Pp. 163–186, in: Andrew McWilliam, Elizabeth G. Traube: Land and Life in Timor-Leste: Ethnographic Essays , 2011
2. ↑ Garcia de Orta: “Sêrie de Antropologia, Vol. 2, No. 1 e 2 " , Lisboa, 1975 ( Memento from April 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese; PDF; 7.2 MB)
3. ↑ Lugares
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Hague Justice Portal: Island of Timor: Award, June 25, 1914 (English)
5. ^ ^{A b c} Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor. ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Technical University of Lisbon (PDF file; 805 kB) 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Antoinette Schapper: Crossing the border: Historical and linguistic divides among the Bunaq in central Timor , pp. 7-8.

Coordinates: 8 ° 59 ′ 30 ″  S , 125 ° 13 ′ 11 ″  E