Llamas Quechua
| Lamas Quechua (Llakwash Runashimi / Lamas Kichwa) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Peru | |
| speaker | 45,000 | |
| Linguistic classification |
||
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | Peru (regional) | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
qu |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
que |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
qvs, que (macro language) |
|
Lamas-Quechua or Lamista-Quechua ( Quechua : Llakwash Runashimi or Lamas Kichwa ; Spanish : Quechua Lamista , Quechua de San Martín ) is a variety of Quechua produced by the Quechuas Lamistas in the Lamas province of the Peruvian department of San Martín as well as in some villages is spoken at Huallaga in the Ucayali department and belongs to the Kichwa of northern Peru .
Phonology
Lamas Quechua has the sound structure characteristic of the Chinchay group. The initial [h] has been silenced, so that this sound, expressed with "j", only occurs in Spanish loan words. In common with other northern Peruvian Quechua varieties, plural forms of the verb are formed by adding "llapa".
Sociolinguistic situation
Lama Quechua has been massively displaced by Spanish for some time, so that most children only speak Spanish. In the Ethnologue of SIL International a decreasing number of speakers of 15,000 people within an ethnic group of 45,000 Quechuas Lamistas is given for the year 2000 . Due to the bad reputation up to the fear of being heard while speaking Quechua, parents hardly pass the language on to their children. Apart from singing hymns, Quechua is only used sporadically in churches. Even the publication of the New Testament in 1992 could not stop this development. Lamas Quechua still plays a role in traditional religion today when the Icaros are singing by indigenous or mestizo shamans , for example in Ayahuasca ceremonies.
Efforts have recently been made to halt and reverse the loss of language. Here play indigenous organizations such Federación de los Pueblos Indígenas Kechwas de la Región San Martín (Fepikresam), Consejo Etnico de los Pueblos Kichwa de la Amazonia (Cepka), Federación de Pueblos Indígenas Kechuas de Chazuta (Fepikecha) and Federación Kichwa Huallaga Dorado (Fekihd ) an important role. The introduction of intercultural bilingual education (IZE) has been official policy since the adoption of the Language Law (Ley 29735) drafted by María Sumire in 2011, with the aim of revitalizing the indigenous language in lamas Spanish as the first language and Quechua as the second language of the students provides that almost no children speak Lamas Quechua as their mother tongue. Only in Huimbayoc in the district of San Martín was there a school with Lamas Quechua as the first language in 2013, while IZE with Quechua as a second language was planned in 143 schools in the department of San Martín (both primary and secondary schools).
literature
- Marinerell Park, Nancy Weber, Víctor Cenepo S. (1975): Diccionario Quechua de San Martín - Castellano y vice versa . Ministerio de educación del Perú
- Gerald Taylor (2006): Diccionario Quechua Chachapoyas - Lamas (- Castellano) [ Chachapoyas-Quechua Dictionary - Lamas-Quechua (- Spanish)]
- Filemón Tuanama Fasabi: Aku parlanakuypachi (cuentos folklóricos de los quechua de San Martin) . Instituto Lingüístico de Verano ( SIL International ), Yarinacocha 1981.
Web links
- Tata Diospa Mushuk Rimanan (New Testament in Lamas Quechua). La Liga Bíblica. Primera edición, 1992. Segunda edición, 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Quechua, San Martín: a language of Peru . M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2014: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ↑ François Demange: Amazonian vegetalismo: A study of the healing power of chants in Tarapoto, Peru . University of East London, 2000-2002.
- ↑ Revitalizando el quechua San Martín con materiales educativos ( Memento of the original from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Ministerio de Educación, Dirección General de Educación Intercultural, Bilingüe y Rural. Lima, September 22, 2013.
- ↑ Perú, Ministerio de Educación, Dirección General de Educación Intercultural, Bilingüe y Rural: Documento Nacional de Lenguas Originarias del Perú , Junín , 2013, pp. 530, 532.
