Land information system

A land information system (LIS) is an information technology tool that can be used to record, manage, visualize, manipulate and output the large-scale spatial data it contains .

A LIS therefore combines a database and the methods useful for processing and displaying this data. Together with GIS (which work on a smaller scale) and other information systems, it is one of the spatial information systems (RIS). About the database and details of the methodology:

A LIS mainly contains primary data (from direct data sources) and expands the possibilities of using previous plans to digital, sometimes even online plans;
A GIS mainly contains secondary data - aggregated , generalized , interpreted ... d. H. smaller-scale data than a LIS. It corresponds to a digital map .
For the special options of both information systems ( visualization and display modes, special queries, intersections, etc.) see GIS .

Definition of land information system according to the Fédération Internationale des Géomètres (FIG):

A LIS is an instrument for decision-making in law, administration and business as well as a tool for planning and development. It exists

on the one hand from a data collection ( database ), which contains land-related data of a specific region,
on the other hand from procedures and methods for the systematic collection, updating, processing and implementation of this data.
The basis of a LIS is a uniform, spatial reference system for the stored data, which also makes it easier to link the data stored in the system with other soil-related data.

LIS are set up and managed by the surveying offices, whereby they primarily relate to the mapping of the earth's surface in the form of digital maps and proof of ownership.

Development of LIS

The development of land information systems began in 1971 on the XIII. Congress of the FIG in Wiesbaden with the establishment of a study group, which is to create an international overview of the various existing instructions for the "processing and storage of the measurement data in a computer". In addition, the task of this group was to develop a model in which the various instructions can be combined. At the XIV Congress of the FIG 1974 in Washington, DC , the study group then presented the term “land information system” for the first time internationally. In 1978, a FIG symposium on the subject of "Land Information Systems" took place at the TH Darmstadt , which defined the following contents of an LIS as the basic result:

"Geodetic surveying data, geometric data, semantic data,
legal data on ownership, encumbrances and restrictions,
Data on basic natural goods (resources) such as geology, mineral resources, water quantities, forests, plant communities and climate,
Data on technical systems, energy and industrial systems, residential areas, traffic systems, underground supply and disposal systems,
Information on the effects of industry and technology that affect the environment, such as water quality, emissions, noise and other interventions, and
economic and socio-political information, such as population, job opportunities, traffic situation, cultural sites or medical care. "

By 1990 data acquisition and software development had progressed sufficiently that almost all German federal states and major cities had organized the basic data in LIS.

In the meantime, the majority of the municipalities have entered their data in LIS and processed it with a. Plans for buildings, canals, water, electrical lines or ideally the entire digital city map including the line cadastre .

LIS in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

In Germany, ALKIS (formerly divided into ALK and ALB ) and ATKIS belong to this area. They provide basic geospatial data on properties and topography for other specialist applications.

In Austria, the structure is similar, but is not carried out by the individual federal states , but by the national Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying .

In Switzerland , responsibility lies largely with Swisstopo .

Individual evidence

↑ Günter Hake , Dietmar Grünreich, Liqiu Meng : Cartography . 8th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 1994, ISBN 978-3-11-087057-2 , pp. 454 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-201606058502 ( limited preview in Google book search).
↑ Erich G. Wieser: 40 Years of Land Information Systems - Review and Status Quo - Part 1 . In: avn - General surveying news . Volume 125, No. 8–9 , 2018, pp. 284-290 .
↑ see Gottfried Gerstbach , Helge P. Höllriegl, Robert Weber : Geoscientific Information Exchange. A review of GeoLIS II. (= Geoscientific Communications , Volume 37). Ed .: Gottfried Gerstbach, Institute for Theoretical Geodesy and Geophysics at the Vienna University of Technology. October 1990 ( digitized version , accessed on October 4, 2018 [PDF; 13.1 MB]).

[1] Günter Hake , Dietmar Grünreich, Liqiu Meng : Cartography . 8th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 1994, ISBN 978-3-11-087057-2 , pp. 454 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-201606058502 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[2] Erich G. Wieser: 40 Years of Land Information Systems - Review and Status Quo - Part 1 . In: avn - General surveying news . Volume 125, No. 8–9 , 2018, pp. 284-290 .

[3] see Gottfried Gerstbach , Helge P. Höllriegl, Robert Weber : Geoscientific Information Exchange. A review of GeoLIS II. (= Geoscientific Communications , Volume 37). Ed .: Gottfried Gerstbach, Institute for Theoretical Geodesy and Geophysics at the Vienna University of Technology. October 1990 ( digitized version , accessed on October 4, 2018 [PDF; 13.1 MB]).