Landsee (lake)

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Approximate location of the former Landsee in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne between Baden-Baden and Rastatt

The Landsee (also Landteich ) was a lake that lay in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne on the edge of the Upper Rhine Plain in what is now the area of ​​the cities of Baden-Baden and Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg. The lake was drained in the early modern period .

geography

The Kinzig-Murg-Rinne, also known as the edge depression , extends on the edge of the Rhine plain along the Black Forest and Kraichgau . It is separated from the actual floodplain of the Rhine by the slightly higher lying low terrace , also known as the Hardt Plains . Rivers coming from the Black Forest and Kraichgau used to run in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne and only flowed further north into the Rhine. After the formation of larger alluvial cones , the rivers could break through the lower terrace and reach the Rhine via a more direct route.

The Landsee was dammed by the alluvial cone of the Murg in the Kinzig-Murg channel, which is up to two kilometers wide. The lake was surrounded by swamps or morass ; the water surface is likely to have fluctuated considerably depending on the season and precipitation. The tributaries of the Landsee were the Oos and probably also the Sandbach , which today flows between Bühl (Baden) and Sinzheim in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne and then breaks through the part of the lower terrace called Stollhofener Platte . Presumably the Sandbachlauf through the Stollhofener Platte was created artificially in the 14th or 15th century.

In local literature there are also other details about the extent of the Landsee; in particular, it is said to have extended in the north to the Rastatt district of Rauental . The Woogsee , east of the Rastatt core city on the edge of the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne, is seen in part as a relic of the Landsee. No evidence is known for this.

history

In the 14th century was the country lake a good fishing and navigable lake, wherein the ships to boat should have acted and shallow-draft barges. In addition, the lake was used by rafts from the Oostal, where the city of Baden (now Baden-Baden) ran an extensive timber trade. Oos , Sandweier and Haueneberstein (today districts of Baden-Baden) and Niederbühl (today district of Rastatt) are usually mentioned as communities adjacent to the lake . From the earlier spelling Hafeneberstein , the wrong conclusion is sometimes drawn that there was a port on the Landsee or on a river in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne. Although there may have been landing stages at Haueneberstein, these were of minor importance and so far from the town center that they could hardly have been named.

In 1494, among other things, heavy rainfall caused damage to the Landsee, which had to be settled by the municipalities with property on the lake. These were Oos, Rastatt, Sandweier, Haueneberstein, Sinzheim and five villages in the Rastatter Ried . Then there was the city of Baden, which used the lake for rafting. Already at this time efforts were made to dry the lake. The moat, first mentioned in 1473, was of central importance. In 1548, a court of arbitration, which had been used to resolve disputes between the lakeside residents, recommended the construction of a new land ditch in order to achieve better water drainage. The recommendation had far-reaching consequences and can be seen as a prelude to the gradual drainage of the area. Further measures for better drainage of the area were carried out in 1698, from 1780, 1854 and in the 20th century. In 1972 the lower reaches of the Oos, known as Oosbach, from Sandweier to Rastatt were abandoned; since then, the water of the Oos has been draining over the ditch.

The stable keeping introduced at the beginning of the 19th century meant that meadows in the area of ​​the former Landsee were turned into fields, which resulted in further drainage measures. Due to the hydraulic engineering measures of the 20th century, the settlement area of ​​Sandweiers was able to expand to the east. Today the area of ​​the former Landsee is mainly used for agriculture and forestry. The Mannheim – Basel railway line and the 5 federal motorway ( Frankfurt am Main - Basel ) cross the area.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elena Beckenbach: Geological interpretation of the high-resolution digital terrain model of Baden-Württemberg. Hochschulschrift, Universität Stuttgart 2016, p. 228 ( Download) .
  2. ↑ a b Kurt Hochstuhl, Erwin Senft: Haueneberstein. From the history of the village on the Eberbach. Heimatverein Haueneberstein eV, Haueneberstein approx. 1994, ISBN 3-9804126-0-1 , p. 378.
  3. ^ Kurt Hochstuhl: Iffezheim. The story of a village on the Rhine. Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006, ISBN 978-3-89735-465-4 , pp. 30, 327 f.
  4. ↑ Guido Müller, Karl Bruckner: Sandweier. A Hardtdorf and its people in the past and present. Heimatverein Sandweier eV (Ed.), Sandweier 1988, ISBN 3-87989-179-6 , p. 89 (partly available online from Heimatverein Sandweier).
  5. ^ A b W. Schweinfurth, E. Reinhard, O. Rothenberg: Rastatt. Natural space and settlement. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The district of Rastatt. Volume 2, Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7995-1364-7 , pp. 341-367, here p. 347.
  6. ^ Hochstuhl, Senft, Haueneberstein , p. 378 f.
  7. ↑ Müller, Bruckner, Sandweier , pp. 91, 270.
  8. ^ Hochstuhl, Senft, Haueneberstein , p. 380.
  9. ↑ Müller, Bruckner, Sandweier , p. 270.

Coordinates: 48 ° 49 ′ 16 "  N , 8 ° 12 ′ 22"  E