Ried (Rastatt)

Overview map of the Ried
Legend:
P: Plittersdorf
O: Ottersdorf
W: Wintersdorf
MB: Mercedes-Benz factory in Rastatt
R: Rastatt
F: Rhine ferry Plittersdorf - Seltz
B: Rhine bridge Wintersdorf
S: stone walls
M: Munchhausen ( Alsace )

Ried is an area of ​​the city of Rastatt delimited by the villages of Ottersdorf , Plittersdorf , Wintersdorf and the Rhine . After the end of the last Ice Age , the Rhine ran through the area, but not in a single river bed, but in several branches. The exact course changed several times. The vineyards were located on an island on the Rhine between 1310 and 1464. The reed was only finally located on the right bank of the Rhine (i.e. east of the Rhine and thus part of Baden ) as a result of the straightening of the Rhine in the 19th century .

The Riedorte

The villages of the Ried are among the oldest in the entire Rastatt district .

The Rieddörfer are:

• Plittersdorf (first mentioned in 731)
• Muffenheim (first mentioned in 790, abandoned between 1481 and 1511, often referred to as Muffelheim )
• Wintersdorf (first mentioned in 799)
• Ottersdorf (first mentioned in the period 984 to 996)
• Dunhausen (first mentioned around 1310, sunk in the Rhine around 1583, subsequently abandoned)

Furthermore, in the deed of donation from 731, in which Plittersdorf is also mentioned for the first time, there is talk of a place Unnenhaim , which however no longer appears later. It could have been an early mention of Dunhausen.

Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf may have been mentioned as early as 774. In a deed of donation published by Johann Kaspar Zeuss in 1842 from the oldest holdings of the Weißenburg monastery , it is documented that on January 6, 774, the large landowner Sigibald made several donations to the abbot of the Ermbert monastery, who was also Bishop of Worms, in the Beinheim district. Among them were the serf farmers Ortaharius or Ortharius with his wife Nana and children and Winihiarius with his wife Sigihilda. It is assumed that the two places Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf emerged from these farms.

The real age of the villages is of course higher, as not every place was mentioned shortly after it was founded. It can be assumed that Muffenheim was founded in the 4th or 5th century, the places with the ending -dorf in the 6th century and Dunhausen in the 7th century.

The task of the places Muffenheim and Dunhausen

The depopulation of Muffenheim began before 1472, as can be proven from documents that mention the relocation of entire farms to the other communities in the area. The inhabitants of Muffenheim probably settled mainly in Ottersdorf and Plittersdorf. The reasons for this are speculative. A shift in the course of the Rhine in the dangerous vicinity of Muffenheim is conceivable as a trigger that may have subsequently also reduced the extent of the cultivable area. On the other hand, it is unlikely that the whole place went down in the Rhine, since medieval traces of the village were found during excavations. A fire disaster is also a conceivable reason for the abandonment of the village. The reed was plundered by Friedrich von Fleckenstein around 1459 . It was not uncommon for houses to be set on fire during such looting. Today only the so-called "Muffelheimer Feld", an area between Plittersdorf, Ottersdorf and the Rhine, reminds of the place. There is also a street in Plittersdorf called “Muffenheimer Weg”.

Dunhausen suffered a flood disaster in 1583, which drowned it in the Rhine. The residents then moved to Wintersdorf. The amalgamation of the two places was subsequently confirmed by Margrave Ernst Friedrich on July 15, 1598 .

geography

The reed lies in the Upper Rhine Plain and has no significant elevations. Wintersdorf is about 1.8 km from the Rhine and has an area of ​​7.57 km². The center of Plittersdorf touches the so-called Old Rhine , a branch of the Rhine that was cut off when the Rhine was straightened. The Rhine itself is about 1 km from the village. The Plittersdorf district covers 12.97 km². Ottersdorf is the furthest (approx. 2.4 km) away from the Rhine and is the only reed site whose boundary the Rhine does not touch. The associated area is 7.69 km². Wintersdorf and Plittersdorf in particular are sporadically affected by the flooding of the Rhine. The areas of Plittersdorf, which lie between the Old Rhine and the Rhine, are occasionally flooded. The neighboring towns are Iffezheim in the south , stone walls in the north and Rastatt in the east . In the west the Ried borders on the Rhine and thus indirectly on the Alsatian towns of Beinheim and Seltz .

In addition to the Rhine and the Old Rhine, there is also the Ried Canal, which runs from Iffezheim past Wintersdorf to the north, past the Mercedes-Benz plant in Rastatt and ends in stone walls. This is a former arm of the Rhine that was still navigable in the Middle Ages.

The Murg flows into the Rhine between Plittersdorf and the stone walls .

Population and religion

The largest vineyard site in terms of both area and population is Plittersdorf with 3,080 inhabitants. Ottersdorf has 2,418 inhabitants, Wintersdorf 1,936 inhabitants. The population density is highest in Ottersdorf with 302 inhabitants per km², and lowest in Plittersdorf with 230 inhabitants per km².

Like Rastatt itself, the vineyards are dominated by Catholics . Each of the three vineyards therefore has a Catholic parish. Originally the church was for the Ried people in Seltz, Alsace . When the Rhine changed its course during a flood in 1307, destroying both the church in Seltz and separating the Rieddörfer from Seltz, the journey to church services became difficult because of the necessary river crossing. In 1371, with the approval of the Pope, a chaplaincy was established in Ottersdorf, which then became a parish in 1415 . As a result, Ottersdorf was the political and church center of the Ried for several centuries.

Ottersdorf also has a small Protestant church, which is housed in a building that was converted in the 1990s. Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf belong to the Paul Gerhardt community , which has its headquarters in Iffezheim and continues to include Hügelsheim . The Petrusgemeinde in Rastatt is responsible for Plittersdorf.

Political structure

Until the 17th century, the Rieddörfer were a single community , after which three individual communities were formed. In the 1970s, all three Rieddörfer were incorporated into Rastatt . Since then, they are only districts of Rastatt and each have 2 municipal councils. Each of them has its own local council as well as a local chief.

The Ried has been part of the Rastatt district since the Second World War . Since the urban district of Baden-Baden was not integrated in the course of the municipal reform , it is now completely enclosed by the Rastatt district. The forest belonging to the Baden-Baden district extends far beyond the inhabited city area. A piece of forest between Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf belongs to Baden-Baden, which is only connected to the urban district by a 50-meter-wide connection. As a result, the Ried borders directly on the Baden-Baden district in some places, although the closest place belonging to this, Sandweier , is more than 5.5 km away.

education

There are two primary schools in the Ried, one in Ottersdorf and one in Plittersdorf. The Ottersdorf School is also responsible for Wintersdorf.

In Wintersdorf there was a secondary school until the end of the 2014/15 school year, the secondary school in Ried . Until 2013 this also housed a Werkrealschule. Since it was not possible to form a 5th grade this year due to a lack of registrations, the secondary school in Ried had to be closed as an independent school and operated as a branch of the Gustav Heinemann school located in Rastatt. There used to be an elementary school in Wintersdorf.

Transport and infrastructure

Rhine crossings

Today there is a Rhine crossing in the Ried, the ferry from Plittersdorf to Seltz. The Rhine bridge Wintersdorf belongs to Iffezheim, but is closer to the Ried and near the boundary of the district.

Plittersdorf - Seltz ferry

Rhine ferry

→ Main article : Plittersdorf - Seltz Rhine ferry

The Rheinfähre Plittersdorf - Seltz connects as greed rope ferry the commune Seltz on the left bank of the Rhine with German Plittersdorf on the right bank of the Rhine. The operator is the French department of Bas-Rhin in Alsace .

At Plittersdorf there was a ferry service across the Rhine that was first mentioned in 1310 and connected the Riedflecken with Seltz. A ferry has existed at today's crossing point since 1872. A yaw ferry was in operation from 1956 to 2005, but was taken out of service after an accident. Operations began again with the newly built Saletio ferry in September 2010. After an interruption due to safety concerns and the problem being resolved, the ferry is now in regular use.

Today there is a jetty right next to the access pontoons that extend like a bridge into the river (closed until 2008), where occasionally larger Rhine passenger ships anchor for shore excursions. On the German side there is a restaurant and a large playground in the immediate vicinity. After the border controls were dismantled as a result of the Schengen Agreement, the customs station stood empty for a few years and was demolished for lack of suitable subsequent use. On the French side there is a smaller restaurant as well as a PAMINA information center with a tourist office and a popular quarry pond with a campsite.

Rhine bridge in Wintersdorf

Wintersdorf Bridge

→ Main article : Wintersdorf Rhine Bridge

The Rhine bridge Wintersdorf, which connects Wintersdorf with Beinheim (France), was originally built between 1892 and 1895 for rail traffic to Alsace, which at that time belonged to Germany, to connect to the railway on the left bank of the Rhine. It is located in the Iffezheim district, but is closer to Wintersdorf.

During the Second World War it was blown up, rebuilt in a partially modified form by 1949 and shared by rail and road traffic. In 1950 the passenger train service between Rastatt and Wintersdorf was discontinued. The rails have been tarred since 1960 and road traffic can roll in two lanes. In the event of a defense, however, the rails could have been reactivated and thus served as a supply route within NATO . A connecting road between the bridge and the B36 in Germany is also known as a NATO road. Since the end of the 1970s, the bridge has only played a subordinate role in the transport infrastructure following the commissioning of the Iffezheim barrage . The German customs post, built in 1974, is still standing and formerly housed a bank branch. Since the end of the regular border controls, the building has been used temporarily for various purposes, but has been in disrepair since 2007 because the area has been designated for forest use and no further use is planned. The customs post on the French side has meanwhile been demolished.

Today the bridge is used as part of the border and local traffic between Alsace and Baden for motor vehicle traffic up to 7.5 t, cyclists and pedestrians.

Historic crossing points

There are also historical crossing points. In a source from 1472, for example, there is talk of a ferryman named Abrechts Heintze, who had been on duty on “Rutzemanns Fahr” for 40 years. This ferry crossed the Old Rhine between Ottersdorf and Rastatt when the reed was still on an island. A Beinheim ferry is also known.

Railway network

Rail traffic in the Ried mainly took place in the past.

From the 19th century there is a railway line beginning at the Rastatt freight yard, which runs through the Rastatt districts of Siedlung and Münchfeld, then crosses the L75 at the southernmost end of the city (until 2016 part of the B36 ) and from there to Wintersdorf station. This was built in 1924 under Franco-German administration and expanded into a freight station with 14 tracks (since 1918 the Rhine was again the border). As a customs station, it was of great economic importance for the whole of Baden. The track continued over the Wintersdorf Rhine bridge. When France declared war in 1939, traffic was initially suspended. As a result, the traffic was also impossible because the bridge was repeatedly blown up. After 1945, freight traffic was limited to the border crossing in Kehl , so that the freight station fell into disrepair. In March 1954, the freight yard was demolished.

Passenger traffic between Rastatt and Wintersdorf ceased in the early 1950s due to a lack of profitability. With the cessation of traffic over the Rhine bridge in 1960, the route lost its importance. Wintersdorf train station gradually fell into disrepair.

In the mid-1990s, the Mercerdes-Benz plant in Rastatt, where u. a. the A-Class is built by Mercedes-Benz , connected to the Rastatt freight yard via its own railway line. The line was put into operation in July 1997. It joins the route to Wintersdorf near the B36, so that the inner-city part of the route is used again. The last major use of the route occurred in 1999 after Hurricane Lothar , when wood was being removed. Then the rest of the route to Wintersdorf was shut down, which gradually led to the entire route becoming overgrown.

In the meantime the route is operated by the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft and serves u. a. as an intermediate storage facility and occasionally for nostalgic trips.

Road traffic

There are no major road traffic routes in the Ried itself. However, there are a number of state and district roads :

• On the southern edge of the area is the L78b (the so-called NATO road ), which connects the Rhine bridge Wintersdorf with the B36.
• Coming from Iffezheim, the L78a meets the L78b, continues through Wintersdorf ( Dorfstraße ) to Ottersdorf ( Wilhelmstraße ) and Plittersdorf ( Riedstraße ), where it runs a piece together with the L77 ( Fährstraße ), then towards Steinmauern (as Blumenstraße ) to keep walking.
• The L77 begins at the Plittersdorf Rhine ferry, runs through the village ( Fährstraße ) to Rastatt
• The K3741 begins in the center of Ottersdorf ( Friedrichstrasse ) and connects it with the K3769
• the K3769 was built as an extension to better connect the Rastatt car plant. It begins on the L77 and goes around part of the factory premises and ends as Ottersdorfer Straße in Rastatt. It thus connects Ottersdorf with Rastatt.
• There used to be a narrow direct country road that connected Ottersdorf to the L77. As a result of the construction of today's K3769, it was no longer needed and closed to car traffic.

A traffic problem in Ried is the shuttle traffic between Alsace and the Rastatt car plant, which runs largely through Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf. Therefore, there are now a number of measures to slow down the traffic within the town center. These include traffic islands (various entrances to the village), artificially narrowed streets (southern entrance to Wintersdorf) and a roundabout at Wintersdorf. There are also several traffic lights that switch to red at regular intervals to slow down the traffic, but are otherwise just pedestrian crossings.

Another problem is traffic from trucks delivering to the car plant. Contrary to the recommendations of the plant and the existence of bypass roads, these continue to drive through the Ried, which creates a high level of noise pollution. The vibrations from the trucks also affected many half-timbered houses. The problem was tackled jointly by the local administrations and the works administration, which significantly reduced traffic. However, around 150 heavy trucks still drive through the Ried on weekdays. The city of Rastatt would therefore like to block the throughways Wintersdorf and Ottersdorf for vehicles weighing more than 7.5 tons. However, the responsible regional council has concerns here, as the volume of traffic is not excessively high and no increased number of accidents can be observed.

In the past there were several petrol stations in the Ried. The last gas station in Plittersdorf was closed in 2006 and demolished in 2007.

Local public transport

Local public transport consists of two bus lines operated by the Karlsruhe Transport Association :

• Line 231 mostly serves Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf. It runs from the Rastatt train station via the Zay through Ottersdorf to Wintersdorf, where it ends at the junction to the local train station. In addition to the Mercedes-Benz plant, the Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf schools are also served. Some trips continue from Ottersdorf to Plittersdorf, where they share a section with the local line 232. This also serves to connect the Plittersdorf leisure paradise , a former quarry pond now used as a leisure lake. These trips are also noted in the timetables for line 232.
• Line 232 serves Plittersdorf. At the other end of the line is Rauental . The line runs through the Rastatt city center between the two endpoints. In addition to four stops in Plittersdorf, the Klingmann nursery just outside and the northern end of the Mercedes-Benz plant are also served. In addition to the aforementioned trips on line 231, the line serves the leisure paradise a few times in the evening, then returns to Plittersdorf, and then continues on the usual route towards Rastatt.

At times, a line 238 was also set up, which came from Rastatt via Ottersdorf and Wintersdorf to Haguenau in Alsace and was supposed to transport Alsatian commuters to the Mercedes-Benz plant. The line was discontinued after a few years. The connection of Wintersdorf to bus line 218, which ran from the junction at the train station via Iffezheim to Baden-Baden, was also discontinued.

telecommunications

Plittersdorf and Ottersdorf are connected to the telephone network from Rastatt and have the area code 07222. The responsible distribution point is on Richard-Wagner-Ring in the Rastatt district of Zay. Due to the lack of connection with fiber optic cables and the large distance between the two villages and the exchange, only very low connection speeds via DSL connections were possible for a long time .

An expansion was prevented because the network operator Deutsche Telekom only wanted to carry it out under certain conditions. This includes guarantees for a certain number of connections as well as contractually agreed compensation payments from the city of Rastatt in the event that these target figures are not achieved. The local administrations tried different approaches, including applications for funding and the connection via a local company. At the end of 2010, empty conduits and fiber optic cables were laid from the city of Rastatt to Ottersdorf and Plittersdorf. In spring 2012, a collaboration between Vodafone and star.Energiewerke was announced, which wanted to implement a broadband connection for all households in Ottersdorf and Plittersdorf by mid-2013. The contract was put out to tender at the end of May 2012. The expansion was completed in May 2013. Test customers were able to test the connection shortly afterwards. The fast network has been in operation in the villages since summer 2013.

Wintersdorf is supplied from Iffezheim (area code 07229) and was not affected by the weaknesses in the broadband connection.

PAMINA

The reed lies in the region of the PAMINA association . Its aim is to improve the cooperation between northern Alsace, the Middle Upper Rhine and the southern Palatinate and thus develop the entire region. The cooperation does not only take place on an economic level. There is a cycle path, starting at the Iffezheim barrage, which runs along both sides of the Rhine and thus also a few kilometers through the reed. There are also some paths where signs about the peculiarities of nature u. Ä. is pointed out in both German and French .

Entrance of the Ried Museum with the Zum Lamm inn

Ried Museum

The Ried Museum in Ottersdorf reports on life in the region in the past. In addition to a model that clearly shows the course of the Rhine before the Rhine was straightened and can be flooded to demonstrate the effects, an old residential building can be viewed. There is now a bakery as a new attraction. In 2008 the museum had a total of 3586 visitors.

Companies

In addition to the Mercedes-Benz plant in Rastatt (at least partially located in Ried), there are a number of medium-sized companies based in the Ried locations .

In the retail and services sector, the supply fluctuates.

Bakeries are available in all places. However, for a long time Plittersdorf was the only reed site with a supermarket. A supermarket has now opened in Wintersdorf near the Rhine bridge, and Ottersdorf has now also opened a small grocery store again.

The Sparkasse Rastatt-Gernsbach operates self -service branches in Plittersdorf and Wintersdorf without staff. The branch in Wintersdorf was a regular branch until August 2016, the one in Plittersdorf until February 2017.The branch in Ottersdorf was closed in April 2018 after having been a self-service branch since December 2015. The background to the closings and service restrictions is the declining use of the branches.

The Volksbank Baden-Baden Rastatt operates in winter village and Otterndorf branches, the latter is a self-service store since April 2018 is available in the on appointment counseling. The VR-Bank in Mittelbaden operates a branch in Plittersdorf.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Badisches Tagblatt, Are Rieddörfer the oldest places in the district ?, January 5, 2017
2. ↑ http://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/22812/Dunhausen+%5BW%C3%BCstung%5D
3. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, "Rhine Bridge with Symbolic Character" by Eva-Maria Eberle, April 9, 2011
4. ↑ "Riedpfarrei can celebrate its anniversary soon", article by Franz Ruf in the Badischer Tagblatt, February 1, 2014
5. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 22, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Badisches Tagblatt, “A village is thinking about the future of two school buildings”, July 30, 2015
7. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, "Wintersdorfer Schule als Außenstelle", August 26, 2013
8. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, cable ferry as an important link, May 12, 2012
9. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, Former customs post remains in a deep slumber, October 30, 2014
10. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, "Geisterbahnhof dies finally", March 7, 2009
11. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, Benz sets course for the future, July 7, 2012
12. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, "Nostalgia on the Rail", April 24, 2012
13. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, “Former petrol station area 'successfully renovated'”, August 26, 2009
14. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, "Rieddörfer are pressing on fixed Internet", April 23, 2009
15. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, “Hardly any chances on nimble Internet”, May 2, 2009
16. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, "Fast Internet for Ottersdorf", November 26, 2009
17. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, "Ottersdorfer urge fast Internet", November 6, 2010
18. ↑ Timetable for fast DSL for the Ried presented ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the city of Rastatt, accessed on April 24, 2012 
19. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, “Plan for DSL expansion in Ried is in place”, May 28, 2012
20. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, “Final spurt in DSL expansion in Ried”, May 25, 2013
21. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, "Ried Museum attracts 3500 visitors", May 2nd 2009
22. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, Ottersdorf has a grocery store again, July 7, 2012
23. ↑ Badisches Tagblatt, Sparkasse withdraws staff, July 8, 2016
24. ^ Badisches Tagblatt, Sparkasse will be converted, January 20, 2017
25. ^ Badisches Tagblatt , Ottersdorf branch becomes self-service branch, November 14, 2015
26. ^ Badisches Tagblatt , Sparkasse: Self-service branch in Ottersdorf closes April 24, 2018
27. ^ Badisches Tagblatt , Volksbank reacts to changed customer behavior, November 17, 2017

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 '19.2 "  N , 8 ° 7' 58.8"  E