Lanfrank from Milan

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Lanfrank with students

Johannes Lanfrank of Milan (Giovanni Lanfranci, Lanfranco da Milano, Lanfranc de Milan, Guido Lanfranchi of Milan, Lanfranco Milanese, Lanfrancus Mediolanensis) (* around 1245 in Milan / Lombardy ; † probably before 1306 in Paris ) was an Italian surgeon and is valid until Guy de Chauliac as the most important surgeon of the Middle Ages. He brought the knowledge of the surgical school from Bologna to Paris, where he and Jean Pitard founded a surgical college dedicated to Cosmas and Damian .

Life

Lanfrank studied artes and medicine at the third University of Bologna founded by Taddeo Alderotti . He received his surgical knowledge as a student of Wilhelm von Saliceto . After his training he practiced surgery as a surgeon in Milan from around 1270 and was consulted as such by the nobility and clergy. For political reasons he first moved to Provence in France around 1290 . His surgical guide Libellus de chirurgia , which was later called Chirurgia parva ('minor surgery'), was written in Lyon around 1293/94, specifically aimed at medically trained doctors . In Paris, where he completed his Chirurgia magna in 1296 , he was able to contribute to the growing recognition of surgery - a purely practical subject at the time - as a scientific subject. In his writings, for example, he mentions the execution of "nerve sutures" and a pharyngeal tube to be inserted in the event of esophageal injuries.

His students included the then famous West Flemish surgeon Jan Yperman (around 1260 or 1269/65 to around 1350), who probably attended Lanfranks lectures in Paris from 1297 to 1303, and the surgeon and anatomist Henri de Mondeville , among his colleagues and friends Bernhard from Gordon .

Fonts

  • Chirurgia parva: Libellus (opusculum) de chirurgia. Lyon 1293/1294
  • Chirurgia magna: Liber de chirurgia (Ars completa totius chirurgiae). Paris 1296.
  • Anatomia

A writer of a surgical compilation from the Flemish-Brabantine region, who called himself Jonghe Lanfranc , published his work in the 14th century, but did not include any texts by Lanfrank of Milan, who was already an authority at that time.

Works of the same name

Works by Bruno von Longoburgo (1200–1286), Guy de Chauliac (1298–1368), Paracelsus (1493–1541) and allegedly also by Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) have been published under the same name, Chirurgia magna .

Translations

  • La cirugia de maestre lanfranco mediolanense, incunable from 1495 This book, produced by three German printers in Seville, contains both writings on surgery in Spanish translation.
  • Alanfranc en cyrurgie. Pierre Le Dru, Paris 1508 (digitized version)
  • Otto Brunfels (translator). Lanfrancus Mediolanus: Kleyne Wundartzney [...] Strasbourg ( Christian Egenolph ) 1528 (digital copy )
  • Robert von Fleischhacker : Lanfrank's "Science of Surgery", Part I: Text Berlin / New York / Philadelphia 1894; Reprint New York 1975 (= Early English Text Society: Original Series , 102).
  • Jan Frederiksen and Gundolf Keil: Lanfranks 'Chirurgia magna' in Saxon transcription from the late Middle Ages. Contributions to the history of the German language and literature 93, Tübingen 1971.
  • Armin Berg (Hrsg.): Lanfranks 'Chirurgia parva' in the copy of Konrad Schrecks von Aschaffenburg (= Old German Lanfrank translations. III.1). Medical dissertation in Würzburg 1975. Now on commission at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg.
  • Stefan Scholle: Lanfranks 'Chirurgia parva' in Middle Low Franconian translation (= Old German Lanfrank translations. II.1). Medical dissertation in Würzburg 1981 (on commission at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg).
  • Detlef Scholz: Lanfrank's 'Chirurgia parva' in a Prague tradition from the late Middle Ages. (= Old German Lanfrank translations. IV). Medical dissertation in Würzburg 1977 (commissioned by Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg).

literature

  • Max Neuburger : History of Medicine. Volume II, Enke, Stuttgart 1911, pp. 385–388: Lanfranchi (digitized version)
  • Gundolf Keil : Lanfrank from Milan. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 5, pp. 560-572.
  • Gundolf Keil: Lanfrank from Milan. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 822 f.
  • Gundolf Keil, Rolf Müller: German Lanfrank translations of the 14th and 15th centuries. On the evaluation of the Lanfrank quotations in Brunschwig's 'Chirurgie'. In: Hans-Heinz Eulner, Gunter Mann, Gert Preiser, Rolf Winau and Otto Winkelmann (eds.): Medical history in our time. Festschrift Edith Heischkel-Artelt and Walter Artelt. Stuttgart 1971, pp. 90-110.
  • Heinz-Ulrich Röhl, Gundolf Keil: Structural problems in the 'small surgery' Lanfranks. In: Jószef Antall u. a. (Ed.): Acta Congressus internationalis XXIV historiae artis medicinae, August 25–31, 1974 Budapestini. 2 volumes, Budapest 1976, volume 2, pp. 1373-1392.
  • Stefan Scholle (Ed.): Lanfranks 'Chirurgia parva' in Middle-Lower Franconian translation. (Medical dissertation) Würzburg 1978.

Web links

Commons : Lanfrank of Milan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Gottlob Bernstein : History of surgery from the beginning to the present time. Part 1. Schwickert, Leipzig 1822, p. 123 f.
  2. ↑ Heinz-Ulrich Roehl, Gundolf Keil: Tradition and Intention. Structural problems with the 'small surgery' Lanfranks. In: József Antall, Géza Buzinkay, Ferenc Némethy (eds.): Acta Congressus internationalis XXIV historiae artis medicinae. Budapest 1976, pp. 1373-1392.
  3. ↑ Volker Zimmermann: The medieval treatment of fractures in the work of Lanfrank and Guy de Chauliac. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 6, 1988, pp. 21-34, here: pp. 22 f.
  4. ↑ Ernst Kern : Seeing - Thinking - Acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000, ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , p. 252.
  5. ↑ Gundolf Keil: Yperman, Jan (Jehan, Johan Y., Ieperman). In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 1513 f., Here: p. 1513.
  6. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "The best advice is the icker toe can against genomen vte platearise". References to Ypermans Medicine. In: Geneeskunde in nederlandstalige teksten tot 1600. Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België, Brussels 2012 2013, ISBN 978-90-75273-29-8 , pp. 93-137; here: p. 97.
  7. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "blutken - bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: p. 23.
  8. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "blutken - bloedekijn" [...]. 2012/2013, p. 137, note 1116.
  9. ^ Günter Klamroth: Lanfranks 'Kleine Chirurgie' in modern German translation. (Medical dissertation Würzburg) Horst Wellm, Pattensen near Hanover 1978 (now on commission at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg).
  10. ^ Heinz-Ulrich Roehl: Text-critical preliminary studies for the 'Chirurgia parva' Lanfranks. Medical dissertation Bonn 1977.
  11. ↑ Ria Jansen-Sieben: De 'Jonghe Lanfranc', of: Op- en aanmerkingen bij een niet-definitieve editie. In: Leuv. Bijdr. Volume 60, 1971, bijbl., Pp. 1-8.
  12. ↑ Erwin Huizenga: Het wonderbarlijke leven van meester Jan Framons. Handwriting context, structuur en intentie van de Middelnederlandse overlevering van de Jonghe Lanfranc. In: Orlanda SH Lie, Joris Reynaert (ed.): Artes in context. Opstellen over het handschriftelijk milieu van Middelnederlandse artestexten. Hilversum 2004 (= Artesliteratuur in de Nederlanden. Volume 3), pp. 99–148.
  13. ↑ Rolf Müller: The 'Jonghe Lanfranc'. (= Old German Lanfranc translations. Volume 1) Medical dissertation, Bonn 1968 (text edition). On commission at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg.
  14. ^ Gundolf Keil: Jonghe Lanfranc (= Young Lanfranc). In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 704.
  15. ↑ Google preview, especially note 95 .
personal data
SURNAME Lanfrank from Milan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Medieval surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH 13th century or 14th century