Long-tailed epee wings

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Long-tailed epee wings
Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Emeralds (Trochilini)
Genre : Epee wing ( Campylopterus )
Type : Long-tailed epee wings
Scientific name
Campylopterus excellens
( Wetmore , 1941)

The long-tailed rapier wing ( Campylopterus excellens ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is endemic to Mexico . The IUCN classifies the stock as “ Least Concern ”. The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The top of the head of the male long-tailed epee wing is light, metallic purple. The rest of the top, including the small and medium hand covers, is metallic green. The wing feathers and large hand covers are dark purple, the outer three hand wings have wider shafts and are clearly curved outwards. The broad tail feathers are slightly graduated, the middle ones being approx. 20 mm longer. The tail is matt metallic green with black purple tips, the tips on the central control feathers are only slightly present. The three outer control springs have a narrow, light gray band. The sides of the head, including the area above the eyes and the reins, are brownish gray. There is a white spot behind the eye. The underside is grayish white up to the middle of the abdomen. The shin feathers are white. The under tail-coverts are dull grayish. The middle throat feathers appear darker compared to the under tail coverts. The under wing ceilings are matt metallic green. The beak is dark black with a horn-colored base. The feet are matt brown. The female is very similar to the male, but the body dimensions are slightly smaller. It differs from the Blaukron rapier wing ( Campylopterus curvipennis ( Deppe , 1830)), to which it is very similar, in its skull size and tail length. Young animals are more yellow-brown on the underside than adults. The skull is less blue. The back also looks rather dull green.

Behavior and nutrition

The nectar sources of the long-tailed sword wing have not yet been explored. Compared to the violet epee wing ( Campylopterus hemileucurus ( Deppe , 1830)) the long-tailed epee wing seems to be submissive.

Vocalizations

The singing of the male long-tailed epee wing is a wild mess of twittering and gurgling. He gives his song from his seat on a branch or in series when he flies from seat to seat. Occasionally he prefers a short, airy sound. The singing is described as long, loud, and artful.

Reproduction

In the area around Jesús Carranza in the state of Veracruz, it breeds at least in May. Males were observed in Los Tuxtlas from October to March in courtship mood. They usually court and sing out of dense tendril entanglements or bushes. This can be from the strata close to the ground to the treetops of the rainforest. There they occur either individually or in small groups of two to three males. A male was observed how it flapped its wings and wagged them back and forth. It turned its head backwards from side to side. The tail was also spread and bobbed up and down. When they are on display in the treetops, they are often 2 to 3 meters away from each other in order to compete and tumble towards the ground with buzzing and rattling.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the long-tailed sword wing

The long-tailed epee wing prefers primary rainforest , but can also move in secondary vegetation , on fringes and in disturbed rainforest areas. Here he is mainly out and about in the undergrowth. It has never been observed near agricultural areas. The distribution area is very limited and stretches from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas with the volcano San Martin Tuxtla to the south-southeast of Jesús Carranza. So far, no overlapping areas with the Blaukron sword wing are known. In San Martin Tuxtla it occurs at altitudes of up to 100 meters, on San Martin Tuxtla up to 1000 meters.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the long-tailed epee wing was in 1941 by Alexander Wetmore under the scientific name Pampa pampa excellens . The type specimen came from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas and was collected by Melbourne Armstrong Carriker on April 22, 1940. In 1827 William Swainson introduced the new genus Campylopterus . This word is derived from the Greek »kampylos καμπύλος « for »curved, curved« and »-pteros, pteron πτερο « for »-fluted, wing«. The species name "excellens" is derived from the Latin "excellere" for "to excel, to excel".

literature

  • Robert Francis Andrle: Birds of the Sierra De Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico . In: The Wilson Bulletin . tape 79 , no. 2 , 1992, p. 163–187 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  • Nataly Cruz-Yepez, Clementina González, Juan Francisco Ornelas: Vocal recognition suggests premating isolation between lineages of a lekking hummingbird . In: Behavioral Ecology . May 23, 2020, doi : 10.1093 / beheco / araa050 .
  • Clementina González, Juan Francisco Ornelas: Song structure and microgeographic song variation in Wedge-tailed Sabrewings (Campylopterus curvipennis) in Veracruz Mexico . In: The Auk . tape 122 , no. 2 , 2005, p. 593-3607 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 5.2 MB ]).
  • George Hines Lowery Jr., Walter Woelber Dalquest: Birds from the State of Veracruz, Mexico . In: University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. tape 3 , no. 4 , 1951, pp. 531-649 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • William Swainson: On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, no hitherto defined . In: The Zoological journal . tape 3 , no. 11 , 1827, pp. 343-363 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: New Forms of Birds from México and Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 54 , 1941, pp. 203-210 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Kevin Winker, Mario Alberto Ramos Olmos, John Hilton Rappole, Dwain Willard Warner: A note on Campylopterus excellens in Southern Veracruz with a guide to sexing captured animals . In: Journal of Field Ornithology . tape 63 , no. 3 , 1992, p. 339–343 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 320 kB ]).
  • Thomas Züchner, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Wedge-tailed Sabrewing (Campylopterus curvipennis) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Web links

Commons : Long-tailed rapier wings ( Campylopterus excellens )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b Alexander Wetmore (1941), p. 207.
  3. ↑ a b Kevin Winker (1992) u. a., p. 342.
  4. ↑ George Hines Lowery Jr., (1951) and a., p. 586.
  5. ↑ Thomas Züchner u. a.
  6. ↑ Kevin Winker (1992) and a., p. 341.
  7. ↑ a b c Kevin Winker (1992) u. a., p. 340.
  8. ↑ Clementina González (2005) and a., p. 594.
  9. ↑ a b George Hines Lowery Jr. (1951) and a., p. 584.
  10. ^ William Swainson (1827), p. 358
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 87
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 155

Remarks

  1. ↑ However, the IUCN regards the species as a subspecies of the Blaukron rapier wing ( Campylopterus curvipennis excellens ).
  2. ↑ He assigned the gray-breasted rapier wing ( Campylopterus largipennis ( Boddaert , 1783)) and the red-tailed rapier wing ( Campylopterus falcatus ( Swainson , 1821)) to the new genus .