Lednické rybníky

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Middle pond

The Lednické rybníky pond landscape is a national nature reserve in the Czech Republic . It is part of the Lednice-Valtice cultural landscape that surrounds the chateau in the South Moravian town of Lednice . The entire area with a size of 283.09 km² has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 . The actual reserve was declared in 1953 on an area of ​​552.5 hectares in order to protect breeding and migrating birds.

description

The reserve consists of six ponds. It is the the West Nesyt (glutton and stone dam pond) - with 322 hectares of the largest pond in Moravia, Hlohovecký rybník (Bischofswarther pond or boundary pond, 104 hectares), Prostřední rybník (Mitterteich, 49 hectares), Mlýnský rybník (Mill Pond, and Apollo called, 107 hectares), Zámecký rybník (castle pond , 30 hectares) and Podzámecký rybník (rose pond , 1.5 hectares). The first four ponds are on the Včelínek stream , the last two are fed by the Zámecká Dyje, a tributary of the Thaya . The maximum water depth is 5 meters, the ponds are 1.5 to 2 meters deep on average.

The water areas are lined with reeds and cattail plants . The bank areas - with the exception of Nesyt - are designed on the model of English landscape parks , planted with exotic trees and decorated with small buildings called salets. Salt -loving flora grows in the vicinity of the Nesyt pond .

Lednice is home to one of the most important bird reserves in the Czech Republic. Large bird populations breed here, the breeding colonies of gray herons and night herons are the largest in the Czech Republic with 230 pairs. Other birds that breed here are the pochard , the bearded tit and the marsh harrier . Greylag geese , pochard and black tern are some of the species that rest here on their trains.

History, conservation and commercial use

The ponds were created as fish ponds at the end of the 14th century , and construction was completed at the beginning of the 15th century. They were located in a swampy landscape along the border between Moravia and Lower Austria . The Nesyt pond was larger than it is today, and it also included the small Výtopa pond, which is no longer included in the reserve. Originally the border was on the southern bank of the ponds, as can be seen from historical cadastral maps of the Sedlec and Lednice municipalities . From the 19th century until 1920, the state border ran through the middle of the ponds.

Under nature protection since 1953, the water bodies in Lednice are a bird sanctuary and since 1992 one of the eleven wetlands in the Czech Republic protected by the Ramsar Convention . The land is owned by the state. The ponds are still used by private tenants for fish farming. Both tourism and industry collide with the conservation purpose of the reserve: in 2008 there was an extreme increase in gables in ponds where no carp were released. About 2 million specimens of the fish grew in the mill pond.

literature

  • Erik Carp: Directory of wetlands of international importance in the Western Palearctic . IUCN, 1980

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 29 ″  N , 16 ° 46 ′ 40 ″  E