Leo Planiscig

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Leo Planiscig (born August 31, 1887 in Gorizia , Austria-Hungary , † July 7, 1952 in Florence ) was an Austrian-Italian art historian .

Life

Planiscig came from a culturally open-minded family. His father Albert Planiscig, a high kuk regional official in Gorizia, was an educated man with an interest in history and literature and owned a sizable library of Italian classics, which his son later inherited. Even while he was still at school, Planiscig published numerous essays in the literary magazine Il Marzocco .

In 1908 he went to Vienna and studied classical archeology and art history with Max Dvořák and Julius von Schlosser . He received his doctorate in 1912 with a dissertation on the history of Venetian sculpture in the 14th century . On the recommendation of Schlosser, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este consulted him on questions of art. After the heir to the throne was assassinated in 1914, his art collection, the "Estensische Sammlung", was kept in the Kunsthistorisches Museum and Planiscig was appointed curator. This marked the beginning of many years of successful museum work. On July 1, 1933, Planiscig was appointed director of the Collection for Sculpture and Applied Arts as the successor to Hermann Julius Hermann , and in 1935 he carried out a modern reorganization of this department.

In February 1938 he was accused of being involved in an illegal art transfer of four paintings by Giorgione from Venice to London and the associated creation of an allegedly false report that he created in 1933. In order to avoid the disciplinary proceedings initiated against him, he anticipated this by quitting his service on May 1, 1938, waiving his remuneration.

He then moved to Florence in 1938 and devoted himself as a private scholar to his research and the expansion of his Italian Renaissance art collection. His house on Via Masaccio 183 in Florence was almost completely destroyed in a bomb attack on September 21, 1943. His visitor, the art historian friend Friedrich Kriegbaum , was killed in the process, he himself survived the attack by chance, but his health was subsequently impaired by the shock experience. Shortly after the laborious rebuilding of his house, he died of a weak heart.

Since the same people who had accused him in 1938 remained in office in Vienna after the war, Planiscig was never able to return to Vienna during his life. So it was only his widow who managed to decide the rehabilitation process in his favor.

Planiscig was an excellent expert on early modern Italian sculpture; In particular, the small bronzes of the Quattrocento were the focus of his scientific work. Among his publications, in addition to some catalogs, a number of monographs by the most important Italian sculptors of the Renaissance stand out.

Publications (selection)

  • Monument to art in the southern war zones. Vienna 1915.
  • History of Venetian Sculpture in the XIVth Century. Vienna 1916.
  • The Estensian Art Collection. Vienna 1919.
  • Hand drawings by Old Masters from the Dr. Benno Geiger . , (together with Voss ), Zurich 1920.
  • Venetian Renaissance sculptors. Vienna 1921.
  • La pala di San Girolamo già a S. Stefano in Venezia opera the Antonio Vivarini. Milan / Rome 1923.
  • Collezione Camillo Castiglioni: Catalogo dei Bronzi. Vienna 1923.
  • The bronze sculptures / statuettes, reliefs, devices and plaques. Catalog with images of all pieces. Vienna 1924.
  • The Italian bronze statuette of the Renaissance. Vienna 1925.
  • The funerary monument of Orsato Giustiniani. Vienna 1926.
  • Andrea Riccio. Vienna 1927.
  • Jacopo and Gentile Bellini. Vienna 1928.
  • Tuscan sculptures of the Quattrocento (unknown works by Francesco di Giorgio and Andrea de Verrocchio). Vienna 1929.
  • The Dr. Albert Figdor. First part , (together with other authors), Vienna 1930.
  • Piccoli Bronzi Italiani del Rinascimento. Milan, 1930.
  • Two contributions to Pisanello. Vienna 1933.
  • Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Catalog of collections for plastic and applied arts. Vienna 1935.
  • Donatello. Vienna 1939.
  • Luca della Robbia. Vienna 1940.
  • Lorenzo Ghiberti. Vienna, 1940.
  • Andrea del Verrocchio. Vienna 1940.
  • Bernardo and Antonio Rosselino. Vienna 1942.
  • Desiderio da Settignano. Vienna 1942.
  • Nanni di Banco. Florence 1946.

literature

  • Leo Planiscig. A short biography. Directory of scientific publications. (handwritten manuscript of the widow in the archive of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna)
  • Ulrike Wendland: Biographical handbook of German-speaking art historians in exile. Life and work of the scientists persecuted and expelled under National Socialism. Volume 2: L-Z. Saur, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-598-11339-0 , pp. 521-525.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monika Löscher, Susanne Hehenberger: Provenance research in the art chamber . In: Neues Museum, the Austrian museum magazine. December 2013, No. 13-3 / 4, ISSN  1015-6720 , pp. 19-21 ( PDF; 22.9 MB ) Note: Text with photo by Leo Planiscig.
  2. ^ Elena Greer, Nicholas Penny : Giorgione and the National Gallery . In: The Burlington Magazine Volume 152, No. 1287, June 2010, pp. 364-375
  3. ↑ Neues Wiener Journal , November 19, 1933, pages 8–9: "Sensation about an alleged Giorgione picture"
  4. ^ "Sensation about Giorgione" Reichspost from February 27, 1938, p. 7
  5. ↑ Monika Löscher, Susanne Hehenberger: Personelle Changes in National Socialism 1938–1945 In: Tanja Baensch, Kristina Kratz-Kessemeier, Dorothee Wimmer (Eds.): Museums in National Socialism: Actors - Places - Politics . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-412-22408-0 , p. 132.
  6. ↑ Internet site: as of November 16, 2014 History of the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz - Max Planck Institute ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (online at: khi.fi.it ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.khi.fi.it
  7. ↑ Ulrike Wendland: Biographical Handbook of German-Speaking Art Historians in Exile. Life and work of the scientists persecuted and expelled under National Socialism. Part 2: L – Z. Saur, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-11339-0 , p. 521.
personal data
SURNAME Planiscig, Leo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Planiscig, Leone C. (full name); Planiscig, Leone; Planiczig, Leo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian art historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Gorizia ( Gorizia )
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1952
Place of death Florence