Leonhard Stöckel

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Leonhard Stöckel (* around 1510 in Bartfeld / Kingdom of Hungary , today: Bardejov / Slovakia ; † June 7, 1560 in Bardejov) was a German playwright, pedagogue and reformer.

Life

The son of a blacksmith first attended school in his hometown before preparing for studies in Kosice and Wroclaw . From the winter semester of 1531 he attended the University of Wittenberg , where he met Philipp Melanchthon and Martin Luther, among others . After completing his studies, he returned to his hometown and was rector of the high school in his hometown in 1539. In this role, the excellent educator developed into a fruitful writer and influential advisor at church meetings. As early as the following year he drew up the first set of rules for the school: “The laws of the Bardejover school” . The work published under the title “Leges scholae Bartfensis” is the oldest of its kind in Slovakia. Stöckel was called “Praeceptor Hungariae” as the innovator of the school system .

He is also known as a playwright with the performance of the Terenzisch Eunuchus published in 1553 in Latin. This work was followed by the German play by Cain and Abel, a Comedia incontinentis et per legem Mösts damnati filii, a Joseph drama for 1555 and 1558, a Germanica comoedia viduc in 1556 and a Susanna in German under the title “Historia von Susanna in Tragedien wellet “ (published in Wittenberg 1559). An attached epigram interprets Susanna as a church threatened by the Pope and the Turks. The drama was preserved in a prose version, as a folk drama until the 19th century.

In 1546 the Upper Hungarian royal free cities of Bartfeld (Bardejov), Eperies ( Prešov ), Kaschau ( Košice ), Zeben ( Sabinov ), Leutschau ( Levoča ) committed to the Reformation, which started from Wittenberg , and formed their own deanery responsible for ordination.

As part of this development of the Evangelical Church in Upper Hungary , Stöckel was commissioned to work out the Confessio Pentapolitana , the Hungarian Evangelical Creed, which is based on the Confessio Augustana and the Apology of the Confessio Augustana . That Hungarian Protestant creed of the free cities served as a model for the other Upper Hungarian cities, mostly inhabited by Germans.

family

Leonhard Stöckel's son Johannes Stöckelius (around 1540/45; † around 1595) from Bartfeld was enrolled in Wittenberg in 1561, was a deacon in Bela ( Spišská Belá ) with Valentin Hortensius (gardener) and in 1570, 1579 pastor in Georgenberg ( Spišská Sobota ; Mons Georgii ) in the Spiš. His brother David Stöckel (* around 1545/50; † after 1580) from Bartfeld was enrolled in Wittenberg in 1567 and was vice rector in Neusohl ( Banská Bystrica ) and pastor in Schemnitz ( Banská Štiavnica ) in 1580 . Leonhardus Stöckelius Iunior (* around 1555/60; † after 1596) from Bartfeld was enrolled in Wittenberg in 1577, and published his father's sermons in 1596. The daughter Anna Stöckel († before 1580) married the Bartfeld teacher Thomas Faber (1532–1595) from Neusohl, other daughters were Dorothea Stöckel († after 1560) and Fides Stöckel († after 1560). The grandson Johann Stoeckel from Epperies ( Prešov ), who studied in Danzig in 1650, was rector of the school in 1652, later notary, councilor and city judge in Zeben, another grandson Johann Stöckl from 1635 to 1663 pastor in Leibitz ( Ľubica ).

literature

  • Ignatius Aurelius Fessler: The stories of the Hungarians and their country residents. 1824 p. 451.
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Stöckl, Leonhard . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 39th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1879, p. 97 ( digitized version ).
  • Johannes Bolte :  Leonhard Stöckel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 282 f.
  • Andrej Haiduk: Philipp Melanchthon and Leonhard Stöckel. In: Communio Viatorum. 20, 1977, pp. 171-180.
  • Karl Schwarz: Leonhard Stöckel and the reformatory school system in Slovakia. in: "Brocken". Germanistic Yearbook Czech Republic-Slovakia NF 3 (1995). Pp. 279-298.
  • Max Josef Suda: The Melanchthon student Leonhard Stockel and the Reformation in Slovakia. In: Karl Schwarz / Peter Svorc (eds.): The Reformation and its history of impact in Slovakia. In: Church and denominational contributions. Vienna 1996. pp. 50-66.
  • Ludovit Petrasko: Equipped with the wisdom of Minerva. Leonhard Stöckel - a student of Melanchthon in Bartfeld. In: Germanoslavica - Journal of Slavic Studies. 16. 2005, No. 1 pp. 69-80.
  • Bennett K. Witt: Leonard Stöckel. Docta pietas in the service of Lutheran Reform . (diss. phil.). Columbia 2008 ( PDF from the University of Missouri)
  • Karl Schwarz: "Lumen et Reformer Ecclesiarum Superioris Hungariae". The Melanchthon student Leonhard Stöckel (1510–1560) (PDF; 186 kB) - a school and church reformer in the Carpathian region (lecture at the conference “Melanchthon - Praeceptor Europae”, Erlangen, April 16-18, 2010). In: "Education evangelical in Europe" (beE), Erlangen 2010, pp. 52–69.
  • WHO IS WHO of the Wittenberg Castle Church, (Evangelische Wittenbergstiftung), Wittenberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053952-7 (pp. 118–119)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. on the following András Fabó: Monumenta Evangelicorum Aug. Conf. in Hungaria historica , vol. I. Osterlamm, Pest 1861, p. 61 note b.
  2. ↑ Leonhard Stöckel the Elder Ä .: Postilla, sive enarrationes erotomaticae Epistolarum et Evangeliorum anniversariorum . David Gutgesel, Bartfeld 1596, preface by Leonhard Stöckel the Elder. J .; see. Bennett K. Witt: Leonard Stöckel. Docta pietas in the service of Lutheran Reform . Columbia 2008, p. 281.
personal data
SURNAME Stöckel, Leonhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Playwright, pedagogue and reformer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1510
PLACE OF BIRTH Bardejov
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1560
Place of death Bardejov