Leonid Mikhailovich Nemenov

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Leonid Mikhailovich Nemenow ( Russian Леонид Михайлович Неменов ; born November 16 . Jul / 29. November  1905 greg. In Yekaterinoslav ; † 20th July 1980 in Alma-Ata ) was a Soviet nuclear physicist .

Life

Nemenov's father Mikhail Isajewitsch Nemjonow founded the State Institute of Radiology and Radiology in Petrograd in 1918 together with AF Joffe and AW Lunacharsky .

Nemenov studied physics at the Leningrad University with a degree in 1929 and then became a research assistant at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute (LFTI) , which had emerged from the State Institute of Radiology and Radiology. He worked with Igor Kurchakov on the cyclotron . In 1937, under Nemenov's direction, the first mass spectrometric precision measurements of the mass defect were carried out in the USSR .

When Kurchatov became head of the Soviet atomic bomb project after the beginning of the German-Soviet War in 1942 , he took Nemenov with him to Moscow to the new laboratory for nuclear weapons development , which became the Kurchatov Institute . In March 1943, Kurchatov commissioned Nemenov to build a cyclotron within 16 months and to generate traces of element 94 (plutonium) as quickly as possible. P. Glazunov from the LFTI and letters of MG Pervukhin to the Leningrad party secretary AA Zhdanov and more than 100 packages of colleagues for relatives in besieged Leningrad flew Nemenow to Leningrad to get off the LFTI the built for the local cyclotron generator , the rectifier and retrieve any other materials they may need that were buried there when the personnel were evacuated to Kazan . The 75- t - magnets they could not find in the Electrosila plant far from the front. Thanks to the railway connection, which was opened by the Red Army in January 1943 but was under German fire, everything could be transported to Moscow, while Nemonov and Glasunov left Leningrad by plane. In Moscow the cyclotron was set up with great difficulty, and in September 1944, two months after the deadline, the first deuteron beam was generated. 1946 a cyclotron with 1200, mm - pole diameter up. In 1949 Nemenow received his doctorate in technical sciences . The hydrogen bomb project followed in 1950 .

In 1957 the Institute for Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was founded in Alma-Ata , where Nemenov now worked. In 1962 he became professor and member of this academy, in 1963 academy secretary of the physical-mathematical department of the academy's executive committee and in 1967 academy secretary of the executive committee. In 1965 he built an isochronous cyclotron with regulated ion energy .

In 1968 Nemenow became head of the All Union Research Institute for physical-technical and radio-technical measurements , founded in 1955 , in which fundamental work on nuclear physics and particle accelerator technology as well as conductors and non-conductors was carried out.

Nemenov's sister was the artist Gerta Mikhailovna Nemenova .

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jewish Gen Belarus SIG: Jewish Encyclopedia of Russia Surname starting with the letter N (accessed February 18, 2017).
  2. ^ A b David Holloway: Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956 . Yale University Press, 1994, pp. 98 .
personal data
SURNAME Nemenov, Leonid Michailowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Неменов, Леонид Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet nuclear physicist
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Ekaterinoslav
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1980
Place of death Alma-ata