Leontodon biscutellifolius

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Leontodon biscutellifolius
Herbarium evidence, Crimean leg.Collier May 1900

Herbarium evidence, Crimean leg.Collier May 1900

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Dandelion ( leontodon )
Type : Leontodon biscutellifolius
Scientific name
Leontodon biscutellifolius
DC

Leontodon biscutellifolius is a species from the genus Leontodon . It was considered a subspecies of the frilled dandelion in older literature.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Leontodon biscutellifolius is a perennial stiff-haired herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 4 to 20 (-40) centimeters. It forms a long spindle, strong, vertical taproot . The fiber roots are sparse and hairless. The 1–6 stems are erect and more or less club-shaped at the top. The numerous foliage leaves are arranged in a basal rosette, 20–140 (–190) 3–15 mm in size, narrowly elliptical to almost spatula-shaped, gradually narrowing into the short stalk, roughly dentate to pinnate, with triangular-lanceolate spaced apart, am Often fringe with wavy-frizzy sections and with 2–6 rayed hairs on both sides.

In contrast to Leontodon cripus, there are often similar star hairs on the bracts as on the leaves. At the edge of the bracts, which are densely covered with star hair, the star hairs often have no base and can be grown together.

  • Similar to the star hairs of Leontodon crispus are those of Leontodon biscutellifolius . Only the hairs are longer and stiffer and the leaves are rougher

  • Only with a hand lens is Leontodon biscutellifolius by 5-7- and multi-column hairs on the margins of bracts distinct from Leontodon crispus distinction

Generative characteristics

Leontodon biscutellifolius has medium-sized heads that nod in front of the anthesis . The 12 to 15 millimeter long flower envelope is hairy at the base somewhat frizzy; the inner bracts are glabrous or hairy on the central nerves, the outer bracts are densely hairy on the edge with star hairs. The yellow flowers are twice as long as the shell and often red-striped underneath. Under the individually terminal 25–40 mm wide, cup-shaped inflorescences, the upright stalk is somewhat thickened in a club-like manner and is sometimes covered with one or two, rarely more, lanceolate bracts, short stiff-haired. The 15 to 20 millimeter long achenes are all the same shape, drawn together from the middle into a short-haired, rough 5 to 7 millimeter long beak, with short bristly hairs. The dirty-white pappus is about half as long as the achenes and is made up of two rows of bristles that are densely feathered to the base; those in the outer row are shorter than the inner ones.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 8.

The flowering period extends from June to July.

distribution

Distribution of Leontodon biscutellifolius and Leontodon crispus . The first species occurs only in the Eastern Mediterranean and further over southern Eastern Europe and the Caucasus to Turkey. The latter species is restricted to southern Europe.

The distribution of Leontodon biscutellifolius is in the northern Iranian - Anatolian - eastern sub-Mediterranean region. The species occurs on the northern Balkan Peninsula , in the Banat as well as over southern Russia, the Crimea to Asia Minor , Armenia and from eastern Turkey and probably in Iran. It is an Illyrian - Anatolian - Eastern Sub-Mediterranean-Pontic floral element .

In Greece the distribution area extends to the Aegean Sea ( Peloponnese , Chalkidiki and Mount Athos , Euboea , Attica ). It is absent on the Greek islands with the exception of Evia.

Habitat

Leontodon biscutellifolius thrives on dry, grassy slopes, stony, sunny pastures, on rocks and in rubble, in undeveloped locations. As a xerophilic species, it is particularly well adapted to stony slopes and rocky dry grasslands in full sun.

ecology

Leontodon biscutellifolius turned out to be the most frequently visited plant by flying insects in comparative investigations in the Thessalian Olympus on the plateau of the museums at over 2400 m, although it only appeared in the medium-frequent flowering species and only with a medium degree of coverage in the comparison areas. A flowering period of 30 days could be determined. The most important pollinators were bumblebees (7.5%), hover flies (39.8%) and butterflies (18.8%). Cross-pollination is practically always necessary for the multiplication of the Leontodon species. This distinguishes them from the actual dandelion species ( Taraxacum ) or the species of the form-rich genus of the hawkweed ( Hieracium ), in which apomictic seed formation regularly occurs without pollination.

Taxonomy

The species was given by Finch & Sell in the Flora Europaea and the authors who followed this Florenwerk as Leontodon asper (Waldst. & Kit.) Poiret . Leontodon biscutellifolius DC was in the predominant Florenwerke including Strid & Tan (1991) or Gajić (1975) . however, mostly as a subspecies of Leontodon crispus as Leontodon crispus ssp. asper (Waldst. & Kit.) Rohlena stated. The name Leontodon asper (Waldst. & Kit.) Poiret is not possible due to the homonymy to Leontodon asper Forsskål , a name that refers to a different species. The earliest correct name is therefore Leontodon biscutellifolius DC.

literature

  • H. Pittoni: Leontodon L. In: S. Pignatti (Ed.): Flora d'Italia. Volume 3, Edagricole, Bologna 1982, ISBN 88-206-2312-9 , pp. 242-248.
  • Gajić: Leontodon L. In: M. Josifović (Ed.): Flora Srbije. Volume VIII, SANU, 1975, p. 278.
  • Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume 2, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1991, ISBN 0-7486-0207-0 , pp. 529-530.

Individual evidence

  1. Jump up ↑ Christian Zidorn: 'Leontodon' and 'Scorzoneroides' (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) in Italy. In: Plant Biosystems. Vol. 146, 2012, pp. 50-51.
  2. ^ Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1991, pp. 529-530.
  3. ^ Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece. 1991, p. 529.
  4. ^ Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece. 1991, p. 529.
  5. ↑ H. Pittoni: Hair and chromosome numbers of star-haired 'Leontodon' clans. In: Phyton. 16, 1974, pp. 165-188.
  6. ^ Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece. 1991, p. 529.
  7. ^ Arne Strid, Kit Tan: Mountain Flora of Greece. 1991, p. 530.
  8. ↑ H. Meusel, E. Jäger: Comparative Chorology of Central European Flora. Volume III, Gustav Fischer, 1991, p. 130.
  9. ↑ a b H. Meusel, E. Jäger: Comparative chorology of the Central European flora. Volume III, 1991, p. 305.
  10. ^ Arne Strid: Atlas of the Aegean Flora. Part 1: Text & Plates. (= Englera. 33.1). Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-921800-97-3 ; Part 2: Maps. (= Englera. 33.2). ibid 2016, ISBN 978-3-921800-98-0 .
  11. ↑ Nikolaos Makrodimos, George J. Blionis, Nikolaos Krigas, Despoina Vokou: Flower morphology, phenology and visitor patterns in an alpine community on Mt Olympos, Greece. In: Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants. 203 (6), August 2008, pp. 449-468. (PDF)
  12. ^ Christian Zidorn: Leontodon and Scorzoneroides (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) in Italy. 2012, p. 45.
  13. ^ Christian Zidorn: Leontodon and Scorzoneroides (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) in Italy. 2012, p. 51.

Web links

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