Seven chairs
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| Transylvanian-Saxon chairs in the 15th century | ||
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| Sibiu chair | Schäßburger chair | Mühlbacher chair |
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| Schenker chair | Leschkirch chair | Repser chair |
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| Brooser chair | Reussmarkt chair | Media chair |
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| Schelker chair | Kronstadt district | Bistritz district |
The seven chairs denote, on the one hand, a historical area on the Königsboden in Transylvania and , on the other hand, the official administrative units of the University of Nations of the Transylvanian Saxons from the 13th to the late 19th century.
Explanation of the name
The nobles who traveled along with the Transylvanian Saxons during the settlement period , the so-called “ Graefen ” - comites in Latin - were the first officials of the administrative units. The term comitatus , which is used in the Latin official language and which is synonymous with chair , i.e. a regional body, is derived from this (presumably) .
structure
The seven chairs consisted of the main chair Hermannstadt (Cybininum) and the sub-districts Schäßburg (castrum Sches) , Mühlbach (Muehlbach) , Großschenk (Schenk) , Reussmarkt (Ruzmargt) , Reps (Kozd) , Leschkirch (Leuskyrch) and Broos (Waras) . The first documentary mention is in a document from July 14, 1349, in which for the first time all eight so-called seven chairs - one "main chair" and seven "side chairs " - are mentioned.
- Geographical arrangement from west to east
The Seven Chairs formed a 190 km long but relatively narrow first settlement region of the Transylvanian Saxons , which reached from Broos in the Unterwald to the communities on the Homorodbach on the other side of Reps . In a few places it went more than 30-40 km and thus clearly reflects the character of a border foreland. From there, from the 13th century, internal colonization was increasingly carried out, especially in the area of the two chairs Mediasch and Schelken , in the Zwischenkokel area and in Burzenland , so that the central settlement area expanded further and further (in a northward direction).
Bistritz Saxon District
Kronstadt district
Great gift chair
Leschkirch chair
Media chair
Schelker chair
Broos chair
Mühlbach chair
Repser chair
Sibiu main chair
Schäßburg chair
Two chairs
Reussmarkt chair
tasks
The tasks of the chair administrations were:
- The collection of taxes and (special) duties - measured in pay houses or tax stamps
- The jurisprudence according to common law ( Eygenlandrecht ) of the Transylvanian Saxons by the judges, as direct representatives of the Hungarian king
- Maintaining public order
- Supervision of guilds and trades
- Recruiting of war people in the event of an alliance and for self-defense
- Management of forests
- Dispatch of representatives to the state parliaments and to the national university
Individual evidence
- ↑ According to Thomas Nägler: Aşezarea saşilor în Transilvania. Bucureşti, Editura Kriterion, 1992.
swell
- Gernot Nussbächer: From documents and chronicles - contributions to Transylvanian local history. Second volume, Kriterion Verlag, Bucharest 1985.