Cincu

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Cincu
Groß-Schenk
Nagysink
Cincu Coat of Arms
Cincu (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Transylvania
Circle : Brașov
Coordinates : 45 ° 55 '  N , 24 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 54 '51 "  N , 24 ° 48' 17"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 487  m
Area : 117.01  km²
Residents : 1,587 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 14 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 507045
Telephone code : (+40) 02 68
License plate : BV
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Cincu, Toarcla
Mayor : Sorin Aurel Suciu ( PNL )
Postal address : St. Pieții, no. 254
loc. Cincu, jud. Brașov, RO-507045
Website :

Cincu ( German  Groß-Schenk , Hungarian Nagysink ) is a municipality in the Brașov district in the Transylvania region in Romania .

Geographical location

Location of the municipality of Cincu in the Brașov district

Cincu is located in the Harbach highlands ( Podișul Hârtibaciului ), on the northern edge of the old valley in the southern Transylvanian basin , between the rivers Hârtibaciu (Harbach) and Olt (old) almost in the geographical center of Romania. The two nearest cities Agnita ( Agnetheln , in the northwest) and Făgăraș ( Fogarasch , in the southeast) are each about 15 kilometers away.

history

Coat of arms of the Schenker chair
Panoramic picture of the place, viewed from the north.

Groß-Schenk was first mentioned in a document in 1329, but was probably founded around 1150. It was on Königsboden and was a village of the Transylvanian Saxons . The place was the seat of the Schenker chair from the 13th to the second half of the 19th century and therefore had a certain importance in the self-government of the Transylvanian Saxons.

It is believed that the first settlers were members of various German ethnic groups. Etymologically, the name could be derived from "Schenke" (inn). The first settlers built a refuge south of the current community. Within today's village, the fortified church was built in the 12th century on a hill, around which the courtyards were lined up. The church was surrounded by two circular walls and seven towers and bastions were built. The Großschenker church is the landmark of the place and is considered one of the most powerful Romanesque parish churches in Transylvania.

Schenk has been one of the Transylvanian chairs since the 12th century and the seat of the royal judge and the chair judge who was elected by the people. The royal judges came not only from Schenk, but also from the associated towns. In the 19th century - under the centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire - the chairs lost their importance.

In order to support each other, the place was organized in neighborhoods. Every street had its neighborhood, headed by the neighborhood father. In the neighborhood, the neighbors support each other u. a. when fetching wood, digging wells, roofing and organizing funerals.

Church Chronicle

  • 1329 The Schenker chair was first mentioned in a document.
  • 1339 First mention of Großschenk after the establishment of Kleinschenk ( Cincşor ) in the Schenker district.
  • 1486 Großschenk receives the right to hold a fair.
  • 1497 Royal Hungarian troops devastate the Schenker chair.
  • 1523 The place is burned down.
  • 1600 Fleeing troops of Michael the Brave devastate the Schenker chair with murder and arson.
  • 1660 The plague rages in the Schenker chair.
  • 1720 Foundation of the Schenker Chair Latin School.
  • 1708 During the Kurutz unrest, Großschenk and the fortified church are looted.
  • 1773 On May 31st, Emperor Joseph II stayed in Großschenk.
  • 1890 A wave of emigration to America begins.
  • 1899 A local youth association is founded.
  • 1914 An orphanage is founded for the Großschenk church district.
  • 1916 invasion of the Romanian army. This suffers a devastating defeat in the "Great Battle" on the Schmielenfeld north of the village, now called Poligon.
  • 1945 On January 13th, also known as “Black Day”, 103 men and women of the Transylvanian Saxons are deported to Soviet labor camps.
  • 1962 Under communist rule, all peasants are forced to join the collective farm.
  • 1990 Exodus of the Transylvanian-Saxon population through emigration to the Federal Republic of Germany .

Places that belonged to the Schenker chair

The following places belonged to the Schenker chair in the 14th century:

regional customs

  • Urzellaufen is a large-scale carnival custom that can be traced back to the guild days. An Urzellauf takes place on the Sunday before Ash Wednesday. Here, about six disguised boys, called fool judges, rhymed with funny incidents of the place. This wagon is followed by the “Urzeln”, which are served by the Saxon population in the various streets with donuts (yeast pastries), wine and schnapps. The Urzeln wear a white robe with sewn black shags and a mask, a whip and a squeeze. The traditional carnival ball takes place in the evening.
  • Easter: The boys and men of the village move through the village in small groups to meet girls and women of the same age and sprinkle them with scented water.
  • Putting up the maypole: A custom at Pentecost where maypoles (birch trees) are set up for the girls. On Saturday the boys fetch birch trees from the forest. These are set up for the girls in front of the house on Sunday. The girls feed the boys with pastries and drinks.
  • Majalis: On the third Sunday after Pentecost, there is a forest festival for the whole community.
  • Christmas: Christmas Eve is celebrated in the church with services, songs and poetry.

language

The Schenker settlers were farmers and craftsmen presumably from the Rhineland, Flanders and Luxembourg. In their new homeland they merged into a new ethnic group, with the Rhenish-Luxembourg dialect prevailing. A special feature of the Großschenker dialect is that men, women and "gentlemen" (officials, merchants and teachers) speak or emphasize differently.

Examples:

German Men Women "Men's"
hair Hiur Whore Hohr
Eve Iuwend Uwend Owend
milk Mealsch Maltsch Mälsch
go giun gun gohn

population

A strong Romanian minority already lived in Groß-Schenk in the 19th century. However, until the end of the First World War , most of the residents were German. Romanians have been in the majority since the 1930 census . Most Germans emigrated, especially after the 1989 revolution. Mainly because of this, the population of both the entire municipality and the village of Cincu has been strong since the Second World War - i. H. by about a third - decreased.

In the entire municipality of Cincu in 2002, 1399 of the 1836 inhabitants at that time identified themselves as Romanians, 280 as Roma , 78 as Germans , 71 as Hungarians , 5 as Russians or Lipovans , one as Jewish and one as Italian . Another resident stated another, unspecified nationality.

In 2002, a total of 1494 people lived in the village of Cincu, including 1110 Romanians, 255 Roma, 58 German, 69 Hungarians, 1 Jew and 1 of another nationality. In 2011, 1587 people were registered on the territory of the municipality, of whom 1256 were Romanians, 172 Roma, 54 Magyars, 53 Romanian Germans and the rest did not provide any information about their ethnicity .

Economy and Social

The first settlers, who were mainly farmers and craftsmen, brought with them the three-field economy from the Rhine and Moselle. Each farmer cultivated several parcels in each of the three fields. These remained communal property. Only the yard and the garden were personal property. The most important crops were wheat, rye, barley, millet, peas, flax and hemp. Maize, also known as kukuruz or "Turkish corn", was not imported into Transylvania from Turkey until 1611. Potatoes didn't appear until the 19th century. Due to the fragmentation of the property, commasation was carried out in the 19th century . In the 1950s, a forced collectivization took place in which the vast majority of farmers were expropriated. Important traders in Großschenk were initially the carpenters and furriers, later also the saddlers, kesslers, joiners, tailors, bricklayers and wagons. All these traders were organized in guilds, which were in strong competition with the guilds in Agnetheln. After the Second World War, Großschenk's carpenters had to join forces to form a cooperative. Today the successor company is still the largest company in town.

traffic

Cincu is on County Road 105, which runs from Voila to Agnita . In the village, roads branch off west to Toarcla and east to Rodbav .

The nearest train station is about ten kilometers south of the village in Voila on the Brașov – Sibiu railway line .

Attractions

  • Major donor church castle and rectory
  • Latin school
  • Heroes' cemetery at Hohen Rein
  • Heroes memorial stone

  • Protestant church

  • Parish rectory

  • Catholic church of the parish (built 1825)

  • Heroes memorial stone in place

  • Fortified church in Toarcla

particularities

Along with Iacobeni (Jakobsdorf), Cincu is one of the locations of the controversial children's aid organization “Casa Don Bosco” run by Father Don Demidoff.

Since 2006, the training area north of the village has been one of four US Army bases in Romania.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Johann Wolff (1865–1943), grammar school director and pastor in Schäßburg
  • Pauline Schullerus (1858–1929), folklorist
  • Valeriu Branişte (1869–1928), Romanian politician and journalist
  • Margarete Welther (1911–1999), dialect author
  • Walter Ziegler (* 1938), cyclist, participant in the peace ride in the 1960s

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Fritz Schullerus (1866–1898), painter, born in Făgăraș , died here in Groß-Schenk.
  • Erhard Antoni (1898–1985), folklorist and author

Web links

Commons : Cincu  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .
  3. ↑ in Transylvania 1850–2002 (ung.)
  4. ↑ www.kia.hu (PDF; 525 kB)
  5. ↑ Information on the Latin School at monumenteromania.ro accessed on September 6, 2013 (Romanian)
  6. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung of April 21, 2006
  7. ↑ Johann Wolff schaessburg.de ( Memento of 25 October 2007 at the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Information on Grete Welther at sevenbuerger.de , accessed on January 29, 2016
  9. ^ Walter Ziegler at radsportseiten.net , accessed on September 6, 2013
  10. ^ MJ Tataru:  Schullerus, Fritz (1866–1898), painter. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 11, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-7001-2803-7 , p. 333 f. (Direct links on p. 333 , p. 334 ).
  11. ↑ Information on Erhard Antoni from the Democratic Forum of Germans in the Kronstadt district , accessed on March 27, 2020