Sânpetru (Brașov)

Sânpetru (outdated Sânt Petru ; German Petersberg , Hungarian Barcaszentpéter ) is a municipality in the district of Brașov ( Kronstadt ) in Transylvania , Romania .

The place is also known by the German names Petersdorf and Petersburg and the Hungarian name Szentpéter .

history

The village of Petersberg was probably created at the time of the Teutonic Order (1211-1225) and belonged to the Tartlauer Hundred. It was first mentioned in a document in 1240. In that year the Hungarian King Béla IV donated the towns of Tartlau, Honigberg , Marienburg and Petersberg to the Cistercian order . The order should receive the tax revenue from these places; In addition, construction work was not permitted, works of art were not commissioned or cemeteries were consecrated without the consent of the Cistercians.

At the church census in 1900, Petersberg had 2,173 inhabitants, of which 1,183 were Saxons , 942 Romanians and 47 Magyars . Before the Romanian expropriation in 1948, the place had 601 yokes and 1069 fathoms of arable land. The financial circumstances of the Saxons were generally good: the richest landlord had 42 yokes, a middle landlord had an average of 7-10 yokes in real estate, three families can be described as poor.

During the Second World War, many male residents were drafted into the German Wehrmacht as " ethnic German " recruits ; In 1945, 224 Saxons were deported from Petersberg to the Soviet Union for forced labor . Of these, 55 died there. A memorial plaque in St. Peter's Church today commemorates them.

After the expropriation in the spring of 1948, colonists from different parts of Romania were settled in Petersberg. In 1954 arable farming was forcibly collectivized in an agricultural production cooperative.

1958–1960 and in the 1970s the first Saxons emigrated to Germany, about 700 of them remained in the village. In 1972 the rectory and church tower were renovated, the tower received an electric bell ringing. Under the communist dictatorship of Ceausescu , life was difficult to bear. After the Romanian Revolution (1989) , most of the Saxon residents of Petersberg emigrated: At the turn of the year 1989/1990, Petersberg had 624 Protestant souls, in September 1990 there were 423, in 1996 only 140. The Castle Festival with guests takes place every year on Peter and Paul Day celebrated from home and abroad.

Fortified church of St. Peter

Fortified church in Petersberg

Inside of the curtain wall

Organ brochure of the church (2018)

The landmark of Sânpetru is the fortified church from the 13th century. Cistercians probably built the first church around 1240 . In 1432 the church and much of the town were destroyed during an Ottoman invasion. Then the community built an 8 m high ring wall around the church. There are numerous storage rooms in the wall. Five towers and a moat reinforced the fortification.

In the 17th century a fire destroyed the church and the parish archive. The bell tower collapsed in 1713 and was rebuilt from 1778 to 1782. This tower also collapsed; In 1795 the entire building was demolished and a new church was built on the same site. Only two relief medallions remained from the furnishings of the old church, which are now built into the base of the high altar. Original frescoes from the 13th century have been preserved within the curtain wall.

organ

The Peterskirche has an organ (1826) by the Transylvanian organ builder Johann Thois (1769–1830). In 1908 it was rebuilt by Karl Einenk according to the romanticizing understanding of his time, and from 2010 to 2015 it was thoroughly repaired by Albert József from Klausenburg. The console was turned over, the mechanics replaced and a manual coupler installed. The restored organ was inaugurated on April 25, 2015. The original disposition of Thois could be reconstructed; During the restoration the pipes added by Einenk were left:

The original disposition by Johann Thois (1826) is as follows:

Major work C – f ³
Quintad (C – c ¹ )	16 '
Principal	8th'
Quintaton	8th'
Salicional	8th'
Octav	4 '
Fugara	4 '
Quinta	3 '
Super octave	2 '
Mixture 4-fold

Rückpositiv C – f ³
Flauto	8th'
Principal	4 '
Flauto	4 '
Octav	2 '
Spitzfloet	2 '

Pedal C – c ¹
Violon	16 '
Sub-bass	16 '
Octav	8th'
Super octave	4 '
trombone	16 '
Mixture 6 times

The current disposition (since 2015) is:

I Manual C–
Bourdon	16 '
Principal	8th'
Gemshorn	8th'
Salicional	8th'
Octav	4 '
Fugara	4 '
Quinta	2 2/3 '
Super octave	2 '
Mixture 4 times

II Manual C–
Flauta	8th'
Gamba	8th'
Dolce	8th'
Principal	4 '
Flauto	4 '

Pedal C–
Principal	16 '
viola	16 '
Sub-bass	16 '
Octave bass	8th'
cello	8th'
Octav	4 '

Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P

The game and stop action are mechanical.

Web links

Commons : Sânpetru, Brașov - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)

^ Dictionary of localities from Transylvania

^ Franz Zimmermann and Carl Werner: Document book on the history of the Germans in Transylvania. Sibiu / Bucharest 1881–1991. Vol. I, p. 68

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Peter Lukesch: Petersberg in Siebenbürgen. In: Transylvanian newspaper. October 31, 1996, accessed October 14, 2017 .

^ ^A ^b Arne Franke: The well-fortified Sachsenland - fortified churches in southern Transylvania . German Cultural Forum for Eastern Europe, Potsdam 2007, ISBN 978-3-936168-27-3 ( arnefranke.de [accessed on October 14, 2017]). The well-fortified Sachsenland - fortified churches in southern Transylvania ( Memento from December 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Entry organ of St. Peter's Church with picture gallery in the organ file of the Evangelical Church AB in Romania

↑ Thomas Barthold: Johann Thois, organ builder from Burzenland (Transylvania) . In: Ars Organi 58 (3) . S. 156–158 ( gdo.de [PDF; accessed October 19, 2017]).

↑ Hermann Binder: Organs in Transylvania. A contribution to the Transylvanian organ history from the beginning to the middle of the 19th century . Gehann Musikverlag, Kludenbach 2000, ISBN 978-3-927293-20-5 , p. 138 .

[1] 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)

[2] Dictionary of localities from Transylvania

[3] Franz Zimmermann and Carl Werner: Document book on the history of the Germans in Transylvania. Sibiu / Bucharest 1881–1991. Vol. I, p. 68

[Sibiweb-4] Peter Lukesch: Petersberg in Siebenbürgen. In: Transylvanian newspaper. October 31, 1996, accessed October 14, 2017 .