Vulcan (Brașov)

Vulcan (outdated Vâlcândorf ; German Wolkendorf , Hungarian Szászvolkány or Volkány ) is a municipality in the Brașov district in the Transylvania region in Romania .

Geographical location

Location of the Vulcan municipality in the Brașov district

The municipality of Vulcan is located in the Carpathian Arch northeast of the Piatra Craiului Mountains (Königstein) and south of the Măgura Codlei (Zeidner Berg) . In the historic Burzenland on the Vulcănița brook and the district road (drum județean) DJ 112A - a side road between Codlea (Zeiden) and Cristian (Neustadt) - the place Vulcan is located 15 kilometers west of the district capital Brașov (Kronstadt) . The place is close to the route of the planned Transylvania A3 motorway , which is to lead over the Carpathian Mountains to Bucharest . Completion of the Comarnic to Brașov section was planned for 2016, but it is planned to be feasible by 2020.

The incorporated village of Colonia May 1 is six kilometers from the community center.

Part of the creek Vulcănița ("new dig") that flows through the place here is a canal that was branched off from the Bârsa (Burzen) .

history

Old coat of arms of Wolkendorf

First settlement and establishment of the village

Remains of a Roman castrum between Vulcan and Râșnov (Rosenau) indicate that the area was already settled in ancient times. At the beginning of the 13th century, King Andreas II of Hungary summoned knights to Burzenland.

Middle Ages and early modern times

The knights of the order soon had to leave Transylvania again, but the German rural population remained as part of the Transylvanian Saxons in the region around Kronstadt. Wolkendorf was first mentioned in a document in 1377. The village was devastated by the incursion of Gabriel Báthory's troops in 1611. The church, originally built in the 13th century, was rebuilt in 1665.

Younger past and present

By the end of the 19th century, about sixty percent of the population of Transylvania were Saxons. Due to resettlement to America (around 1900) and to Germany (since the Second World War , especially in 1990), their share has decreased significantly to this day.

Until 2004, today's municipality of Holbav (Holbach) belonged administratively to Vulcan.

population

The population of today's municipality of Vulcan developed as follows:

census		Ethnic composition
year	population	Romanians	Hungary	German	other
1850	1,291	464	4th	814	19th
1941	2,781	1,271	70	1.311	129
1977	4,455	3,050	133	987	285
2002	4,264	4.120	34	102	9
2011	4,567	4.122	26th	69	350

The highest number of inhabitants has been registered in the area of today's municipality since 1850 and that of Romanians in 2011. The highest number of Romanian Germans was determined in 1941, that of Magyars (231) in 1930 and that of Roma (279) in 1977.

In 2009 there were still 121 members of the evangelical community.

Attractions

The fortified church built in the 13th century, the towers of which were removed in the 15th century, the bell tower built in 1793/94, is a listed building.
The former German school, built in the 19th century, is a listed building.