Codlea

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Codlea
Zeiden
Feketehalom
Codlea coat of arms
Codlea (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Transylvania
Circle : Brașov
Coordinates : 45 ° 42 '  N , 25 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 41 '45 "  N , 25 ° 26' 59"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 565  m
Area : 125.2  km²
Residents : 21,708 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 173 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 505100
Telephone code : (+40) 02 68
License plate : BV
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Mayor : Cătălin-George Muntean ( PNL )
Postal address : Lunga Street, no. 33
loc. Codlea, jud. Brașov, RO-505100
Website :
City center with fortified church

Codlea ( German  Zeiden , Hungarian Feketehalom ) is a city in Burzenland at the foot of the Zeiden mountain ( Măgura Codlei , 1294  m ) in the Brașov district in the Transylvania region in Romania .

history

Zeiden was founded by the Teutonic Order in the 13th century and was first mentioned in a document in 1265.

At the time of settlement, the place is said to have consisted of two streets; Langgasse led to the north, Marktgasse to the west. The beginning of both was the Anger , the later marketplace. The beginnings of the Romanian district go back to the 13th century. This quarter was built southwest of the Saxon settlement and developed as a separate district with a road network; but both districts gradually grew together into one place.

The main occupation of the Zeidner in the Middle Ages was agriculture , livestock and forestry . The economic strength of the place were the grain , flax and vegetable growing . Beekeeping was also carried out intensively . At the beginning of the 14th century, the craft developed with the guilds of wagons , blacksmiths , barrel coopers , linen weavers and shoemakers .

At the end of the 19th century, the guilds had to give way to the first industrial companies. In 1878 the Hornung brothers founded a furniture factory , and a year later Johann Horvath founded a tool factory . The first greenhouses were built in 1896 and a power station was built in 1903 . The chemical plant was founded in 1936 with the support of IG Farben .

The land consolidation at the beginning of the 20th century created the basis for the development of modern agriculture. While the cultivation of flax declined, the cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flowers expanded.

The nationalization in the years 1945–1948 and the deportation of the able-bodied, predominantly German-speaking population after the Second World War hampered the economic upturn.

In 1950 Codlea was declared a city.

Social

Old German School
Lyceum

After the Second World War , around 350 soldiers remained in Germany and Austria . The first meetings took place in Munich , Offenbach am Main and Stuttgart , where in 1953 the "Zeidner Neighborhood" was founded. In 1954 the first “zeidner gruß” of the Zeidner neighborhood was published, making it the world's first home page of a Transylvanian-Saxon hometown community in Germany and has been published almost every year since then.

The Zeiden Foundation, which consists of former residents of the village in Germany , financially supports the promotion of youth and elderly care and also people in need in the village. It also supports local social, economic and cultural projects. Archiving of the parishes is also planned.

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1850 3,807 795 - 2,698 314
1900 4,449 1,436 233 2,771 9
1930 5,354 2.007 175 3.110 62
1956 9,309 5,191 555 2,908 49
1977 22,449 17,579 1,232 3,402 236
1992 24,547 22,423 961 691 472
2002 24,286 22,518 917 367 484
2011 21,708 17,930 569 213 2,996

Since the official survey of 1850, Codlea had its highest population in 1992. The highest population of the Romanians was registered in 2002, the Germans and the Magyars in 1977 and that of the Roma (1,121) in 2011. Furthermore, Ukrainians (highest population 19 1930), Serbs and Slovaks were registered with almost every admission .

In 2009 there were still 451 members of the Protestant parish (Transylvanian Saxony).

Attractions

  • The fortified church from the 13th century has an oval floor plan with a diameter of 85 meters and thus includes the largest fortified church courtyard in Burzenland . Of the five towers that once stood on the circular wall of the fortified church, the forge tower, converted into today's bell tower, the cooper and the weaver tower are still preserved today.
    In the middle of the fortified church stands the Romanesque hall church without an attached church tower. The coffered ceiling of the nave with the 252 painted panels is - created in 1702 - according to the inscription. Created by Johannes Stolz, Thomas Fayt, Simon Playger and Thomas Groß , a portrait of the latter has been preserved in one of the fields. Each field is covered by different variations of the Luther rose , which have a downwardly turned cone. The middle octagonal medallion with a size of 12 fields bears the author's inscription, the date of creation and the date of renovation, which the Zeidner painter Eduard Morres restored its shine in 1959.
    The     organ , created in 1789 by the organ builder Johannes Prause from Silesia, using an existing instrument, is one of the most valuable of its kind in Transylvania. On August 7, 2004, a donation from Germany was used to install new bell tower lighting; the Orthodox Church was also equipped with it. Since the beginning of August 2004 there is also an information board at the entrance to the church. It contains all important information about the Zeiden fortified church in the four languages ​​Romanian, German, English and Hungarian. The fortified church and the former town hall at the fortified church built in 1829 are under monument protection.
  • The Orthodox Church , built after the approval of Emperor Joseph II in 1783 , to build a stone church.
  • The forest pool, created in 1903/1904 on the initiative of the Zeidner Beautification Association, directly at the source of the Goldbach, whose water is said to have a constant temperature of 18 ° C in summer and winter when it emerges from the rock face. The created basin was significantly expanded in the 1930s. The 100 changing rooms that were built at that time were replaced a few years ago elsewhere by some cubicles with plastic curtains instead of doors. A large meadow offers plenty of space for sunbathing. Because of the constant flow, the water in the pool is cool but clean.
  • Remains of the Black Castle of the so-called castrum Feketewholum, built between the 10th and 13th centuries by the Teutonic Order on Zeidner Berg , is a listed building.

  • town hall

  • Ring wall with cooper tower of the fortified church

  • Nave of the church

  • Orthodox cemetery and church

  • View from the church tower to the Zeidner Berg

traffic

The place is on the railway line Brașov - Făgăraș and the European route 68 leads through the place . This is four lanes (without median) between Brașov (Kronstadt) and Codlea. Halfway there is Ghimbav (Weidenbach) . In the near future, a motorway is to be built from Rupea (Reps) to the south, past the place, towards Râșnov (Rosenau) and on to Bucharest .

economy

  • Horticulture and greenhouses took up a huge area in several parts of the city. After the revolution of 1989 , over 1000 workers were laid off in the glass houses. As of 2013, an area of ​​around eight hectares will be cultivated.
  • Automotive supplier, Dräxlmaier Group has built a parts and accessories plant here.
  • beekeeping

Town twinning

Since 2018 there has been a town partnership with the municipality of Remseck am Neckar .

Personalities

See also

literature

As the first place in Transylvania, a complete bibliography was presented for Zeiden in August 2004 , which contains all books ever written about the place.

  • Paul Meedt: Zeiden. The agricultural and economic conditions of this community. Lecture given at the annual meeting of the agricultural district association on November 16, 1890 in Zeiden (= Zeidner memorials . H. 1, ZDB -ID 741174-1 ). 2nd edition, (reprint of the 1892 edition). P. Hedwig, Erlangen 1983, OCLC 74554816 .
  • Friedrich Reimesch: Burzenland legends and local stories. (= Zeidner memorabilia. H. 2). 5th edition, (unchanged reprint of the 4th edition, Kronstadt, Zeidner, 1933). P. Hedwig, Erlangen 1985, OCLC 165389907 .
  • Gotthelf Zell: 100 [hundred] years of Zeidner men's choir. A documentation on the music history of Transylvania. Honorary sheets about the Zeidner choir activity (= Zeidner memorabilia. H. 3). Kraus, Raubling 1986, OCLC 75061590 .
  • God to honor, neighbor to defend. The Zeidner volunteer fire department. Protocols from the years 1891–1990 (= Zeidner memorials. H. 7). Collected by Hermann Kassnel. Modifications made by Carmen B. Kraus. Zeidner neighborhood, Raubling 2001, OCLC 76770436 .
  • 50 years of the Zeiden neighborhood. Festschrift. (1953–2003) (= Zeidner Memorabilia. H. 8). Compiled by Hans Königes. Modifications made by Carmen B. Kraus. Zeidner neighborhood, Raubling 2003, OCLC 163160514 .
  • Erhard Kraus: Agriculture in Zeiden in the 20th century. A documentation of their development (= Zeidner memorabilia. H. 9). Zeidner neighborhood u. a., Raubling u. a. 2006, ISBN 3-929848-47-3 .
  • Balduin Herter, Helmuth Mieskes: Bibliography of Zeiden (Codlea - Feketehalom) and the Zeiden neighborhood = Bibliography Zeiden (= Zeiden memorabilia. H. 10). Working group for Transylvanian cultural studies Heidelberg a. a., Gundelsheim am Neckar u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-929848-39-2 .
  • Hans Wenzel: Áondàrm Zàoednàr Biàrech. Zàoednàr Riàdànsuàrt. Zeidner vocabulary. Dictionary of the Transylvanian-Saxon dialect from Zeiden (Codlea / Feketehalom) (= Zeidner Memories. H. 12). Zeidner neighborhood, Munich a. a. 2006, ISBN 3-929848-58-9 .
  • Gernot Nussbächer: From documents and chronicles. Volume 6: Contributions to the history of Zeiden in the Middle Ages and early modern times (= Zeiden memorials. H. 13). Working group for Transylvanian regional studies, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 3-929848-59-7 .
  • Franz Buhn: The amateur theater in Zeiden. Documents, memories, notes, pictures (= Zeidner memorabilia. H. 14). Working group for Transylvanian cultural studies, Munich a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-929848-67-0 .

Web links

Commons : Codlea  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Old military map of the southern part of Burzenland
  3. ↑ a b Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft-Verlag, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 , p. 138.
  4. ↑ Erwin Reimer: Candidates for the Order of Death. In: 50th anniversary of the deportation to Russia (= Zeidner Gruss. Vol. 42, No. 78, 1995, ISSN  1861-017X ). Zeidner Nachbarschaft, Raubling 1995, p. 3, ZEIDNER GRUSS 78 ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Stiftung Zeiden on the Zeiden neighborhood website.
  6. ↑ E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnic group in the Brașov district according to censuses from 1850–2002 (Hungarian; PDF; 784 kB)
  7. ↑ Dieter Drotleff: Pastors, curators, numbers of souls. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung. Enclosure: Karpatenrundschau , March 4, 2010, p. 3.
  8. ↑ Pictures of the fortified church on a private website ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Pictures of the Protestant Church on a private website ( Memento from April 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Portrait on Wikimedia Commons
  11. ↑ a b List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, updated 2010 (PDF; 7.1 MB).
  12. ↑ Gasthaus am Waldbad, approx. 1918 ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Forest pool before 1945 with the changing rooms ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Swimming pool in the forest pool ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Weeds instead of tomatoes in Codlea's greenhouses on February 16, 2011 at adevarul.ro, accessed on March 19, 2015 (Romanian).
  16. ↑ Web presentation of MAGNUM DYNAMIC GRUP ( Memento from April 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ Web presentation of the Dräxlmaier Group in Codlea ( Memento from March 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ https://www.stadt-remseck.de/codlea
  19. ↑ Georg Aescht : Michael Königes: "I have never had success". ( sevenbuerger.de ).
  20. ^ Gudrun-Liane Ittu: Eduard Morres: Painter of European format. ( sevenbuerger.de ).
  21. ↑ Zeidner Memorabilia , at WorldCat.