Two chairs
The two chairs , sometimes with the addition of the two chairs Mediasch and Schelk , later only the Mediasch chair , designates the historical areas of the chairs Mediasch ( upper chair ) and Schelk ( lower chair ) on the Königsboden in Transylvania as well as the judicial and administrative districts of the National University of the Transylvanian Saxons for these areas.
history
The areas of the Zwei Stühle , at that time still counties , were settled from the middle of the 13th century by Transylvanian-Saxon settlers from the "Altland" of the Sibiu province through internal colonization.
Originally located on county soil and subject to the jurisdiction of the Szeklergrafen , the Hungarian King Karl Robert granted "the Saxons of Medias, Schelk and Biertan" in 1315 the "same freedoms" as those of the Sibiu province. In a further document from 1318 the king issued "the Saxons of Mediasch, Marktschelken and Kleinschelken" the army succession and royal hospitality against an annual payment of 400 silver marks Martinszins . This privilege was renewed several times afterwards, but the two chairs remained under the sovereignty of the Szeklergrave, to whom, however, elected judges were assigned. After an uprising by the Saxons against King Karl Robert, the Saxon counties were reformed into districts and chairs between 1325 and 1329 - at that time typical court and administrative areas of autonomous population groups. In 1402 the Mediascher Hann Kunz ( villicus Cuncz ) and the Kleinkopischer Count ( comes de parva Kabaz ) Michael obtained the exemption of the two chairs from the jurisdiction of the Szeklergrafen from King Sigismund . From then on, they were free to choose their common judge and “speak right, as happens in the seven chairs”.
In 1487, the Two Chairs merged with the Sibiu Province (Seven Chairs), the Kronstadt District and the Bistritz District to form the Saxon University of Nations after King Matthias Corvinus extended the privileges of the Golden Charter to all free Transylvanian-Saxon settlements.
After obtaining town charter in 1534, Medias finally gained dominance in the two chairs, for which the name Medias chair was then used . The two chairs or the Mediascher Stuhl also formed the Mediasch province , next to the Sibiu , Bistritz and Kronstadt one of the four independent provinces of the Transylvanian Sachsenland.
After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and the reintegration of Transylvania into the Kingdom of Hungary , the Mediascher Stuhl (formerly the Two Chairs) was dissolved in 1876 and moved to the newly founded counties Groß-Kokelburg ( Nagy-Küküllő vármegye ) and Klein-Kokelburg ( Kis-Küküllő vármegye ) incorporated.
Localities
In 1359 the following localities belonged to the Medias chair:
- Alpine pastures
- Baaßen
- Biertan
- Bogeschdorf
- Penance
- Eibesdorf
- Furkeschdorf
- Large copy
- Hetzeldorf
- Kirtsch
- Medias
- People
- Nimesch
- Pretai
- Reichesdorf
- Sharosh
- Tobsdorf
- Forest huts
- Weissdorf
- Wölz
Furkeschdorf (first mentioned in 1268 as praedium Nicolai and in 1359 as Furkasi / Spurbasi ; located between Meschen and Mediasch ), was abandoned after devastation by the Turks in 1470. The remaining residents moved to Meschen. The Gemeindehattert was divided between Meschen and Mediasch on the instructions of King Matthias.
Weißdorf (first mentioned in documents as Viszdorff in 1359 ) was dissolved by a resolution of the Seven Chairs in 1521 and divided up between the communities of Almen, Meschen, Mortesdorf and Martinsdorf .
The following villages belonged to the Schelker Stuhl (as evidenced in 1510):
swell
- Hans Gerhard Pauer, On the history of the origins of the two chairs Mediasch and Schelk , in Zeitschrift für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde, 1/1985, ISSN 0344-3418
- Thomas Nägler, The Settlement of the Transylvanian Saxons (Colonizarea sașilor transilvăneni) , Kriterion Verlag, Bucharest 1992, ISBN 973-26-0288-0
- Franz Zimmermann et al., Document book on the history of the Germans in Transylvania , first volume: 1191 to 1342, Hermannstadt 1892.
- Franz Zimmermann et al., Document book on the history of the Germans in Transylvania , second volume: 1342 to 1390, Hermannstadt 1897.
- Georg Eduard Müller, When were Mediasch, Furkeschdorf and Tobsdorf colonized? , Correspondence sheet of the Society for Transylvanian Cultural Studies, Vol. 1-53, 1884–1929
- Rudolf Theil, Have the “two chairs” been part of the Sibiu Province since 1224? , Archives of the Society for Transylvanian Cultural Studies, Vol. 12, 1875, pp. 257–269
- Franz Michaelis, Contributions to Transylvanian-German Settlement History, German Research in the Southeast, Vol. 1-3, Hermannstadt, 1942–1944