Lilly Wolff

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Lilly Wolff (born June 16, 1896 in Niederschöneweide (now Berlin); † murdered September 8, 1942 in Riga ) was a teacher and worked for the Grüber office in Berlin . It was because of their Jewish origins victims of the Holocaust in the Nazi era . As a result of research in the course of the Stolpersteine project , her fate received public attention since 2004, which among other things led to a debate about the honorary citizenship of a former mayor of Heide (Holstein) .

Life

Training and employment until 1933

Lilly Wolff and her sister Susanne had trained as teachers in Flensburg at the Oberlyzeal branch of the Auguste Victoria School . Both had been baptized as Protestants in the Nikolaikirche in Flensburg in 1912 and had thus converted to Christianity . After Lilly had passed the matriculation examination at the Oberlyzeum Flensburg in 1917 and passed the teaching examination for high schools and secondary schools in 1918, she worked as a teacher at a private school in Storkow (Mark Brandenburg) in 1918/19 .

From Easter 1919 to 1933 she was a teacher in Heide, first as a substitute teacher at the private secondary school for girls, which became the property of the city of Heide in 1923 and was renamed the Klaus Groth School in 1926. From April 1929 she taught at the girls 'citizens' school in Lüttenheid and was employed there on June 1, 1930, against the resistance of the German national mayor Hermann Hadenfeldt .

Persecution from 1933

Because of her Jewish origin, Lilly Wolff was dismissed on September 1, 1933 under the racist " Law to Restore the Civil Service " without a pension.

Because of her excellent reputation as a teacher, she was able to get by with tutoring. In December 1935, on the initiative of the NSDAP district leadership, the mayor Hermann Hadenfeldt prohibited her from doing so, which deprived her of her livelihood. Lilly Wolff left Heide in June 1936 and went to Berlin , where she was able to work again as a teacher at schools for Jewish children from 1937.

Until 1938 she taught at Anna Pelteson's private school in Berlin-Wilmersdorf , like Wolff a convert to Christianity. After this school was closed, she worked at the “family school” of the Protestant Bureau Grüber until the schooling of Jewish children was banned on June 30, 1942, in the course of the exclusion of all Jewish children from German schools in 1939 for “ non-Aryan “Christians had been established.

Lilly Wolff was deported from Berlin on September 5, 1942, on the 19th Berlin Osttransport to Riga-Jungfernhof , where she was murdered on September 8, 1942. She was pronounced dead on January 1, 1943. With the exception of her brother Alexander Wolff, who was able to flee to the USA via Sweden, her entire family was murdered in the course of the Shoah .

memory

Stumbling blocks in Flensburg
Stumbling Stone in Heath
Denkstein in Berlin

In 2004 Gunter Demnig set stumbling blocks in memory of Lilly Wolff, her mother Käte Wolff and her sister-in-law Irma Wolff on the grounds of the former Jägerslust farm in Flensburg. On October 10, 2006, Lilly Wolff was given another stumbling block in front of the Klaus Groth School in Heide (Holstein). This second stumbling block triggered the “Lilly Wolff Affair”, in the course of which the “Working Group on Resistance and Persecution in the National Socialist Dithmarschen” demanded that former mayor Hermann Hadenfeldt be revoked. In the Lilly Wolff case, an attempt was made to demonstrate Hadenfeldt's anti-Semitic sentiments. This is said to have prevented Wolff from being employed on a permanent basis for years and was jointly responsible for her dismissal from school and the later ban on her activity as a tutor. The proceedings were rejected on the argument that the honorary citizenship officially expires with death.

When the first Flensburg community school opened in 2007, the Deputy Mayor Barbara Philipsen (SPD) suggested that this school be named after Lilly Wolff.

In 2009, a memorial stone in memory of Lilly Wolff was moved to her last freely chosen place of residence at Spichernstrasse 7 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, which is intended to commemorate her work for the Grüber office.

On April 7, 2014, the building committee of the city of Heide decided, on the initiative of the Left Party , to name a street after Lilly Wolff - the former Gustav-Frenssen-Straße in the south of the city.

See also

literature

  • Bettina Goldberg with the assistance of Bernd Philipsen: Juden in Flensburg , Flensburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-925856-53-2 .
  • Bernd Philipsen: Hunting pleasure. Manor, kibbutz, refugee camp, military area. Flensburg 2008, ISBN 3-925856-59-5 .
  • Bernd Philipsen: Dat Judennest hebbt wi utrökert. - From the violent end of the emigrant teaching material Jägerslust near Flensburg in: The "Reichskristallnacht" in Schleswig-Holstein. The November pogrom in a historical context. Edited by Rainer Hering (publications of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives, Volume 109), Hamburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-943423-30-3 as a PDF file
  • Martin Gietzelt and Ulrich Pfeil : Dithmarschen in the “Third Reich” 1933-45 , in: Geschichte Dithmarschens , Heide 2000, p. 333, p. 342, p. 353
  • Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge eV, Riga Committee of German Cities, Wolfgang Scheffler , Diana Schulle: Book of Remembrance: The German, Austrian and Czechoslovak Jews deported to the Baltic States . Walter de Gruyter, 2011 (p. 338)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Philipsen: Resistance: Late appreciation for Lilly Wolff. In: shz.de. January 27, 2009, accessed July 24, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Hans-Rainer Sandvoss : "It is asked to monitor the church services ...": Religious communities in Berlin between adaptation, self-assertion and resistance from 1933 to 1945 . Lukas Verlag , 2014 (p. 190)
  3. ↑ Discussion about the honorary citizen of Heid Hermann Hadenfeldt ( Memento from May 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (newspaper article on the Lilly Wolff affair )
  4. ^ First community school in Flensburg. (PDF; 4.2 MB, p. 109) In: spd-net-sh.de. September 3, 2007, accessed on July 24, 2020 (Greetings from Deputy Mayor Barbara Philipsen).
  5. ↑ Bernd Philipsen: Resistance: Late appreciation for Lilly Wolff. In: shz.de. January 27, 2009, accessed July 24, 2020 .
  6. ↑ A memorial stone for Lilly Wolff in Berlin-Wilmersdorf
  7. ↑ Lilly Wolff instead of Gustav Frenssen - online edition of the Dithmarscher Landeszeitung ( Memento from April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) from April 8, 2014
personal data
SURNAME Wolff, Lilly
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Teacher and victim of the Holocaust
DATE OF BIRTH June 16, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Niederschöneweide
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1942
Place of death Riga