Liris (Hymenoptera)

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Liris
Liris sp.

Liris sp.

Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily : Apoidea
without rank: Digger wasps (Spheciformes)
Family : Crabronidae
Subfamily : Crabroninae
Genre : Liris
Scientific name
Liris
Fabricius , 1804

Liris is a species-rich genus of digger wasps (Spheciformes) from the Crabronidae family. 314 species are known worldwide, the main range of which is the tropics . About 10 species are distributed in the Mediterranean region , especially in North Africa ; one of them, Liris niger , also occurs in Central Europe . Eight species are common in Europe.

features

Within the genus Liris there are great differences between the species. The length varies between 5 and 30 millimeters. The genus can usually only be distinguished from the similar genus Larra in females. With Liris these have dull, often grainy or wrinkled and unpunctured side fields on the propodeum . In Larra , these are smooth, shiny, and dotted. The posterior edge of the propodeum is angled median backwards. The coloration is black in almost all species, some have red legs. In Liris fulvipes , the propodeum is red. Only five species, namely L. braunsi , L. conspicuus , L. fulviventris , L. rubellus and L. rubricatus have a red gaster like the genus Larra .

Way of life

The behavior of the genus Liris with regard to brood care is more developed than that of the species of the genus Larra . In all species, the prey consists almost exclusively of crickets from the family of the real crickets , which are only weakly stunned with a sting. The females fly or carry their stunned prey into their own nest. In doing so, they grab the prey by the antennae with their toothed mandibles . The nest tubes are sometimes just an existing cavity that is expanded and deepened, or an abandoned hymenoptera nest is used. In Liris haemorrhoidalis , however, the construction of corridors sometimes over 2 meters long has been observed. The digger wasp needs several weeks for this and works both day and night. At the end of the corridor she creates several branches, each of which can contain 2 to 9 cells. Liris niger , on the other hand, only creates corridors up to 9 centimeters long, at the end of which there is often only one cell. Each brood cell is equipped with 2 to 7 crickets in the species of the genus Liris . Only after all cells have been supplied is the passage closed with stones and plant material.

Systematics

The genus Liris is within the subfamily Crabroninae in the tribe Larrini , Subtribus Larrina.

Species (Europe)

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genus Liris ( Memento of the original from July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in Wojciech J. Pulawski: Catalog Sphecidae: Genera and Species . California Academy of Sciences, version of August 2, 2010 (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / research.calacademy.org
  2. ^ A b c Manfred Blösch: The digger wasps of Germany: way of life, behavior, distribution . 1st edition. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2 , pp. 223 .
  3. ↑ Liris. Fauna Europaea, accessed July 23, 2010 .
  4. ↑ Richard Mitchell Bohart and Arnold S. Menke: Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. University of California Press, 1976, p. 240 ISBN 978-0-52002-318-5
  5. ↑ FX Williams: Studies in tropical wasps, their hosts and associates (with descriptions of new species). Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 19, pp. 179ff., 1928
  6. ↑ FX Williams: Monograph of the Larridae of Kansas. Kansas University Science Bulletin 8, pp. 121-213, 1914

literature

  • Manfred Blösch: The digger wasps in Germany: way of life, behavior, distribution . 1st edition. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2 .

Web links

Commons : Liris  - collection of images, videos and audio files