List of cold mixtures
This page contains lists of refrigeration blends based on two different principles.
Organic solvents
Here a (typically organic) solvent is frozen using dry ice or liquid nitrogen . As with a water / ice mixture, the solvent then assumes the temperature of its melting point during thawing until it has completely returned to its liquid state.
Cold baths made from a suspension of partially frozen liquid gases such as nitrogen or hydrogen , a so-called slush, are based on the same principle .
| Coolant | Organic solvent | T (° C) | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry ice | p -xylene | +13 | |
| Dry ice | 1,4-dioxane | +12 | |
| Dry ice | Cyclohexane | +6 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Ethylene glycol | -10 | |
| Dry ice | Ethylene glycol | -15 | |
| Dry ice | o -xylene | -29 | |
| Dry ice | 3-heptanone | -38 | |
| Dry ice | Acetonitrile | -41 | |
| Dry ice | Cyclohexanone | -46 | |
| Dry ice | m -xylene | -47 | |
| Dry ice | Diethylene glycol diethyl ether | -52 | |
| Dry ice | n- octane | -56 | |
| Dry ice | Diisopropyl ether | -60 | |
| Dry ice | chloroform | -63 | |
| Dry ice | Ethanol | -72 | |
| Dry ice | 2-propanol | -77 | |
| Dry ice | acetone | -78 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Ethyl acetate | -84 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | 1-butanol | -89 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Hexane | -94 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | acetone | -94 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | toluene | -95 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Methanol | -98 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Cyclohexene | -104 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Carbon disulfide | -110 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Ethanol | -116 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | 1-propanol | -127 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | n -pentane | -131 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | 1,5-hexadiene | -141 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | Isopentane | -160 | |
| Liquid nitrogen | (per se) | -196 |
Water ice in saline solution
In these cold mixes, water ice is mixed with a typically inorganic salt. As the ice melts, the mixture cools down (at most) to the solidification point of the saturated salt solution. The thermal energy is used to apply the heat of fusion from the water ice. A positive enthalpy of solution of the added substance intensifies the cooling effect .
Instead of a salt, a water-miscible solvent such as acetone can be used (see below).
| Coolant | salt | T (° C) | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ice | ( Water ) | 0 | |
| ice | Ammonium chloride | -5 | Mixing ratio salt / ice: 0.3: 1 |
| ice | Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate | -8th | Mixing ratio salt / ice: 1.1: 1 |
| ice | Calcium chloride hexahydrate | -10 | Mixing ratio salt / ice: 1: 2.5 |
| ice | acetone | -10 | |
| ice | Sodium chloride | -20 | Mixing ratio salt / ice: 1: 3 |
| ice | Calcium chloride hexahydrate | -40 | Mixing ratio salt / ice: 1: 0.8 |
literature
- Do W. Lee, Craig M. Jensen: Dry-Ice Bath Based on Ethylene Glycol Mixtures . In: J. Chem. Ed. . 77, 2000, p. 629. doi : 10.1021 / ed077p629 .
- Alan M. Phipps, David N. Hume: General purpose low temperature dry-ice baths . In: J. Chem. Ed. . 45, 1968, p. 664. doi : 10.1021 / ed045p664 .
- Roger E. Rondeau: Slush baths . In: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data . 11, 1966, p. 124. doi : 10.1021 / je60028a037 .
- Sigma-Aldrich Laboratory Data Guide Running a Low Temperature Reaction? - List of cold mixtures