List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Mitte / Oranienburger Vorstadt
This page shows the cultural monuments are in town district Oranienburger suburb in the Berlin district of Mitte listed. This list is part of the list of cultural monuments in Berlin-Mitte . The basis is the list of monuments of the State of Berlin, which was first published on September 28, 1995 on the basis of the Berlin Monument Protection Act and has since been kept and updated by the Berlin State Monuments Office .
Monument areas (ensembles)
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
09010061 | Ackerstraße 1B – 2, 4–5A, 9–26, 144–157, 162–171 Bergstraße 18–28, 67–72 Invalidenstraße 148 Torstraße 151/153 ( location ) |
Tenement houses, laid out as a Neu-Voigtland colony in 1752. For architectural monuments, see: Ackerstraße 1B; 4; 5-5A; 9; 14-15; 18; 23-26; 149; 150-151; 152; 153; 156; 157; 162; 163; 164; 166; 167; 168; 169-170; Bergstrasse 18; 19; 21; 22; 27; 67; 70; 72 |
Constituent parts of the ensemble: | |
09010071 - Ackerstraße 2, tenement house, 1876 | ||||
09010080 - Ackerstraße 10, tenement house, 1877 | ||||
Courtyard building | ||||
09010081 - Ackerstraße 11, tenement house, 1877 | ||||
09010082 - Ackerstraße 12, tenement house, 1877 | ||||
09010083 - Ackerstraße 13, tenement house, 1879 | ||||
Factory building, 1885 | ||||
09010089 - Ackerstraße 16, tenement house, 1876 | ||||
09010090 - Ackerstraße 17, tenement house, 1861 | ||||
Courtyard building 1908 | ||||
09010096 - Ackerstraße 19, apartment building and coach house, 1881 | ||||
Factory building, around 1900 | ||||
09010100 - Ackerstraße 20, tenement house, 1882 | ||||
Courtyard building, around 19000 | ||||
09010103 - Ackerstraße 21, tenement house, 1885 | ||||
Factory building, 1885 | ||||
1st transverse building in 1854, reconstruction in 1885 | ||||
09010106 - Ackerstraße 22, tenement house (front building and transverse building), 1881 | ||||
Building in the 2nd courtyard, 1875 | ||||
09010138 - Ackerstraße 144, tenement house, 1878 | ||||
Remise, 1881 | ||||
09010107 - Ackerstraße 145, tenement house, 1890 | ||||
09010108 - Ackerstraße 146, tenement house, 1873 | ||||
09010142 - Ackerstraße 147, tenement house, 1865 | ||||
09010114 - Ackerstraße 154, tenement house, 1878 | ||||
Workshop, 1880 | ||||
09010116 - Ackerstraße 155, tenement house, 1880 | ||||
09010123 - Ackerstraße 165, tenement house, 1877 | ||||
09010128 - Ackerstraße 171 / Torstraße 153, tenement house, 1871 | ||||
09012503 - Bergstrasse 18, transverse building, 1885 | ||||
Stable, 1877 | ||||
09010042 - Bergstrasse 20, tenement house, 1882 | ||||
09010044 - Bergstrasse 23, tenement house, 1861, building extension 1881 | ||||
09010045 - Bergstrasse 24, tenement house, 1867 | ||||
09010068 - Bergstrasse 25, tenement house, 1874 | ||||
09010046 - Bergstrasse 26, tenement house, 1854 | ||||
09010049 - Bergstrasse 28 / Invalidenstrasse 148, tenement house, 1890 | ||||
09085084 - Bergstrasse 68, tenement house, 1874 | ||||
09085085 - Bergstrasse 69, tenement house, 1862 | ||||
09085086 - Bergstrasse 71, tenement house, 1863 | ||||
09010058 - Torstrasse 151 / Ackerstrasse, tenement house, 1880 | ||||
Not a constituent part of the ensemble: Ackerstraße 148 |
||||
09011057 |
Chausseestrasse 123–125 ( location ) |
For tenement buildings see: Chausseestrasse 123; 125 |
Further components of the ensemble: | |
09011062 - Chausseestrasse 124, tenement house, 1844 | ||||
Staircase | ||||
Former members of the ensemble: | ||||
09011060 - Chausseestraße 122, tenement house, 1826, renovation in 1849 | ||||
09080303 | Elisabethkirchstrasse 1–18, 21 Invalidenstrasse 2–4a Strelitzer Strasse 73 ( location ) |
Tenement houses and church monuments see: Elisabethkirchstraße 7; Invalidenstrasse 3; 4-4A garden monument see: Invalidenstraße 3 |
Constituent parts of the ensemble: | |
09080309 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 4, tenement house, 1881 | ||||
09080310 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 5, tenement house, 1870 | ||||
09080311 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 6, tenement house, 1885 | ||||
09080313 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 8, tenement house, 1872 | ||||
09080314 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 9, tenement house, 1865 | ||||
09080315 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 10 / Strelitzer Strasse, tenement house, 1865 | ||||
09080316 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 11 / Strelitzer Strasse, tenement house, 1864 | ||||
09080317 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 12, tenement house, 1863 | ||||
09080318 - Elisabethkirchstraße 13, tenement house, 1863, renovation, 1892 | ||||
09080319 - Elisabethkirchstraße 14, tenement house, 1862, renovation, 1882 | ||||
09080320 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 15, tenement house, 1862 | ||||
09080321 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 16, tenement house, 1863 | ||||
09080322 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 17, tenement house, 1881 | ||||
09080304 - Elisabethkirchstrasse 18 / Ackerstrasse 29, 1875 | ||||
09080373 - Invalidenstraße 2 / Elisabethkirchstraße 1, tenement house, around 1890 | ||||
09080323 - Strelitzer Strasse 73, tenement house, 1863 | ||||
Non-constituent parts of the ensemble:
|
||||
09080446 | Gartenstrasse 108, 110–111 ( location ) |
Tenement ensemble | Components of the ensemble: | |
09080447 - Gartenstrasse 108, tenement house, around 1880 | ||||
09080448 - Gartenstrasse 110, tenement house, around 1875 | ||||
09080449 - Gartenstrasse 111, tenement house, around 1875 |
Monument areas (entire facilities)
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
09011177 | Invalidenstrasse 42-44 ( location ) |
Agricultural University, Museum of Natural History , State Geological Institute, Mining Academy | Museum für Naturkunde , 1883–1889 by August Tiede with front gardens, 1875–1889 by Richard Köhler (see garden monument Invalidenstrasse 43) | |
northern extension from 1915–16 | ||||
Residential building on Habersaathstrasse, around 1860 | ||||
Agricultural College, 1876–1880 by August Tiede, alterations 1906–1907, 1909 | ||||
Extension for the physical and animal physiological institute | ||||
State Geological Institute and Mining Academy, 1875–78 Fritz Laske | ||||
North extension, 1913, remodeling in 1965 | ||||
09011178 | Invalidenstrasse 48–49, Scharnhorststrasse 36–37 ( location ) |
Kaiser Wilhelm Academy ( Pépinière ) | 1905-10 by Cremer & Wolffenstein | |
North wing | ||||
Garden courtyard and front gardens, from Ludwig Späth | ||||
09011190 | Scharnhorststrasse 34-35 ( location ) |
Invalid house, wing buildings with courtyard of honor | 2 wing constructions 1747–1748 by Isaak Jakob Petri | |
Gardens, 1747–1748, 1820 by Peter Joseph Lenné |
Architectural monuments
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
09010070 | Ackerstraße 1B ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1878 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010072 | Ackerstraße 4 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1889–1891 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010074 | Ackerstraße 5–5A ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1863 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Side wing | ||||
09010077 | Ackerstraße 9 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1842 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
north side wing, 1817 | ||||
09010085 | Ackerstraße 14–15 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1867 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Factory building, 1898 | ||||
1st and 2nd transverse building, 1911 by Johannes Kraaz | ||||
09010093 | Ackerstraße 18 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1876 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Remise, 1859 | ||||
09010137 | Ackerstraße 23–26 Invalidenstraße 158 ( location ) |
Market hall VI | 1886–1888 by Hermann Blankenstein (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Access to Invalidenstrasse | ||||
09010110 | Ackerstraße 149 ( location ) |
Tenement house and courtyard building | 1882 by P. Wolff (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Transverse building, around 1905 | ||||
09010111 | Ackerstraße 150–151 ( location ) |
Tenement house and courtyard building | 1875 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Courtyard building | ||||
09010112 | Ackerstraße 152 ( location ) |
Tenement house and courtyard building | 1877 by August Röhr (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Courtyard building | ||||
09010113 | Ackerstraße 153 ( location ) |
Tenement house and courtyard building | 1895 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Courtyard building | ||||
09010117 | Ackerstraße 156 ( location ) |
Tenement house and courtyard building | 1881 from Rast (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Building in the 2nd courtyard, designed by Walter Brummack in 1910 | ||||
09010119 | Ackerstraße 157 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1880 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010120 | Ackerstraße 162 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1875 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010121 | Ackerstraße 163 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1877 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010122 | Ackerstraße 164 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1874 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010124 | Ackerstraße 166 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1877 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Remise | ||||
09010125 | Ackerstraße 167 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1877 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010126 | Ackerstraße 168 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1860 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010127 | Ackerstraße 169–170 ( location ) |
Tenement house (today Theater im Schokohof ) | 1881 by M. Bethke, renovation around 1900 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Boiler house and commercial wing, 1916 by A. Walther | ||||
Factory building and hall, 1930 | ||||
09011191 | Am Nordbahnhof 3/5 Invalidenstraße 30, Zinnowitzer Straße 8 ( location ) |
Post office N4 | 1934–1935 by Georg Werner | |
side post office | ||||
Courtyard building | ||||
Garages | ||||
09011300 | Am Nordbahnhof 11 Am Nordbahnhof ( location ) |
Szczecin suburban train station , station building | 1895–1903 by Armin Wegner | |
09010069 | Bergstrasse 18 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1879 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010067 | Bergstrasse 19 ( location ) |
Tenement house | south front building, 1862 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
north front building, around 1895 | ||||
Courtyard building, around 1895 | ||||
09010043 | Bergstrasse 21 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1882 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09010162 | Bergstrasse 22 ( location ) |
Tenement house, Josty's brewery | Tenement house, 1878 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
two farm buildings, around 1860 and 1880 | ||||
Josty's Brewery, 1890–1891 by Enders & Hahn | ||||
09010047 | Bergstrasse 27 ( location ) |
Tenement house and coach house | 1879 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
Remise | ||||
09080450 | Bergstrasse 67 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1864 (see ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09080451 | Bergstrasse 70 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1859 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
1st transverse building, 1875 | ||||
2nd transverse building and building in 2nd courtyard, 1895 | ||||
09080452 | Bergstrasse 72 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1863 (see Ensemble Ackerstraße 1B ...) | |
09080453 | Bergstrasse 81 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1857 | |
09080454 | Borsigstrasse 5 ( location ) |
Marienheim Hospice and Theological Convict | Front building, 1890–1891 by Otto March | |
hospice | ||||
enclosure | ||||
09080455 | Borsigstrasse 6 ( location ) |
Golgotha Church | 1898–1900 by Max Spitta | |
Church interior | ||||
09080358 | Brunnenstrasse 181 ( location ) |
Brunnenhof | Commercial building, 1908-09 by Richard Bloos | |
Factory building | ||||
09080366 | Brunnenstrasse 188–190 ( location ) |
Industrial building Rosenthaler Tor | Commercial building, 1910–11 | |
Floor factory | ||||
09011089 | Chausseestrasse ( location ) |
Schwartzkopffstraße underground station | 1913–1914 and 1919–1923 by Heinrich Jennen, Alfred Grenander and Alfred Fehse | |
09011090 | Chausseestrasse Zinnowitzer Strasse ( location ) |
Naturkundemuseum underground station | 1913–1914 and 1919–1923 by Heinrich Jennen, Alfred Grenander and Alfred Fehse | |
09080456 | Chausseestraße 5 ( location ) |
Tenement house and factory hall | around 1885 | |
Factory floor | ||||
09080457 | Chausseestrasse 13 ( location ) |
Borsighaus | 1899 by Reimer & Körte | |
09080458 | Chausseestraße 17 ( location ) |
Tenement house with courtyard | 1891 | |
Courtyard | ||||
09011194 | Chausseestraße 22 Invalidenstraße 35 ( location ) |
Commercial building | 1891 | |
09011295 | Chausseestraße 25 Zinnowitzer Straße 1 ( location ) |
Commercial building | 1908 by Theodor Jaretzki | |
09011095 | Chausseestrasse (in front of No. 33) ( location ) |
water pump | around 1895 by Otto Stahn (?) | |
09011296 | Chausseestraße 35 ( location ) |
Maschinenfabrik Flohr | 1st courtyard building, 1844, Um- und | |
2nd courtyard building with chimney | ||||
Extension buildings 1900-08 | ||||
09011098 | Chausseestraße 42 ( location ) |
Secura works, machine factory | Front building, 1910 by Max Richter | |
Back building, 1910 by Max Richter | ||||
Partial loss: | Demolition of the central strand in 2014 | |||
09011112 | Chausseestraße 94 ( location ) |
First warrior clubhouse, residential and commercial building | 1907-10 by Conrad Faerber | |
Secret Annex | ||||
09011199 | Chausseestraße 105 ( location ) |
People's coffee and dining hall company, residential and commercial building | 1891–1892 by Alfred Messel | |
09011297 | Chausseestraße 111–113 Invalidenstraße 36–39 ( location ) |
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the GDR , administration building | 1954–1957 by Johannes Päßler | |
Extension, 1959–1961 by Borchard and Balke | ||||
09011059 | Chausseestrasse 117 ( location ) |
AG for automotive companies | Residential and commercial building, 1913–1914 by Arnold Kuthe | |
Multi-storey car park | ||||
09011061 | Chausseestrasse 123 ( location ) |
Residential and commercial building | 1896 by Carl Galuschki (see Ensemble Chausseestraße 123–125) | |
Backyard building | ||||
09011063 | Chausseestraße 125 ( location ) |
Brecht Weigel Memorial & Bertolt Brecht House | House, 1843 (see Ensemble Chausseestraße 123–125) | |
Transverse building, 1888 (see Ensemble Chausseestrasse 123–125) | ||||
Brecht Weigel Memorial , since 1978 | ||||
09080312 | Elisabethkirchstraße 7 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1876 (see Ensemble Elisabethkirchstraße 1–18, 21 ) | |
09080459 | Gartenstrasse 5 ( location ) |
Stadtbad Mitte | 1929–1930 by Carlo Jelkmann and Heinrich Tessenow | |
swimming pool | ||||
09080460 | Gartenstrasse 6 ( location ) |
Tenement house with ballroom | 1905 | |
Ballroom | ||||
09080461 | Gartenstrasse 25 ( location ) |
Teachers' residence at the Humboldt Gymnasium | 1875 by Philipp Jacobsthal | |
09011072 | Hannoversche Strasse 6 ( location ) |
Royal Morgue, Forensic Medicine Institute | 1884–1885, increase in 1913 | |
09011074 | Hessische Strasse 1–2 ( location ) |
I. Chemical Institute of the Friedrich Wilhelms University | 1899–1900 by Georg Thür and Max Guth | |
Administration building | ||||
09011075 | Hessische Strasse 3–4 ( location ) |
Hygienic institutes of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität | 1903–05 by Georg Thür, reconstruction 1954–1955 | |
Expansion 1954–1955 | ||||
09010143 | Invalidenstraße 3 Elisabethkirchstraße ( location ) |
Elisabeth Church | 1832–1835 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel (see ensemble Elisabethkirchstrasse 1–18, 21 and garden monument Invalidenstrasse 3) | |
09010144 | Invalidenstrasse 4–4A Elisabethkirchstrasse 21 ( location ) |
Rectory of the Elisabeth parish, 1890 | Rectory, 1890 (see Ensemble Elisabethkirchstrasse 1–18, 21 ) | |
Parish hall, designed by Adolf Bürckner in 1907 | ||||
09011299 | Invalidenstrasse 20 ( location ) |
Nordbahnhof S-Bahn station | S-Bahn platforms, 1934–1936 by Günther Lüttich | |
Southern access | ||||
Invalidenstrasse storefront | ||||
Access to Gartenstrasse | ||||
northern access | ||||
09080462 | Invalidenstrasse 115 ( location ) |
Hotel Danziger Hof | 1912 | |
09080463 | Invalidenstrasse 120–121 ( location ) |
Hotel Baltic | 1911 by Hans Bernoulli | |
Courtyard building | ||||
09080464 | Invalidenstrasse 122 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1845 | |
Staircase | ||||
09080465 | Invalidenstrasse 130-131 ( location ) |
Administration building of the Deutsche Reichsbahn | 1936 by Günther Lüttich | |
Side wing | ||||
Sculptures by Hermann Müller-Erfurt | ||||
09080466 | Novalisstrasse 10 ( location ) |
Commercial building | 1928 | |
09011121 | Pflugstrasse 12 ( location ) |
Rector's residence of the 111th and 186th community schools | 1889–1890 by Hermann Blankenstein | |
09011128 | Scharnhorststrasse 13-14 Boyenstrasse ( location ) |
Garrison-Lazarett I, main building (today Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin ) | 1850–1853 by August Ferdinand Fleischinger , Karl Wilhelm Drewitz and Johann Albrecht Becker | |
Extension in 1931 by Richard Scheibner | ||||
Pharmacy and dentist station, 1905-10 | ||||
09011132 | Scharnhorststrasse 28-29 ( location ) |
Commercial building of the company for market and cold stores | 1912 by Buchholz & Bissing | |
09080467 | Schlegelstrasse 9 ( location ) |
Factory building (2nd transverse building) | around 1850 | |
09080468 | Schröderstrasse 5 ( location ) |
Tenement house and Church of the Redeemer | Church of the Redeemer , 1904 by Carl Breuer | |
Tenement house | ||||
09011293 | Strelitzer Strasse 61 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1888-1889 | |
Commercial building | ||||
09080469 | Tieckstrasse 1 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1854 by Friedrich Bensch (?) | |
Staircases | ||||
09080470 | Tieckstrasse 6 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1853 | |
Staircases | ||||
09080471 | Tieckstrasse 17 ( location ) |
Parish and parish hall | Front building around 1870 | |
Courtyard building, around 1905 | ||||
09080474 | Torstrasse 231 Chausseestrasse 1 ( location ) |
Tenement house | 1890 | |
09010166 | Wöhlertstrasse 16-17 ( location ) |
Arcade house with apartments for the Charité sisters | 1958–1960, design office Hochbau II Groß-Berlin, architect Sebastian | |
09011329 | Wöhlertstraße (in front of No. 18) ( location ) |
Pipe well | between 1875 and 1892, construction by O. Greiner | |
09011330 | Zinnowitzer Straße Chausseestraße 24 ( location ) |
water pump | around 1890 by Otto Stahn (?) |
- see also: Chausseestrasse (detailed description of most of the monuments preserved here)
Garden monuments
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
09010182 | Ackerstraße 37 ( location ) |
Elisabeth Cemetery | created in 1843 | |
Gravesites | ||||
Enclosure wall | ||||
Remnants of the border wall | ||||
09010184 | Bergstrasse 29 Ackerstrasse, Bernauer Strasse, Pappelplatz ( location ) |
Cemetery II of the Sophien parish | ||
laid out in 1827, tombs and mausoleums | ||||
Carl Bechstein grave | ||||
Chapel, around 1897 | ||||
09010186 | Chausseestraße 126 ( location ) |
Cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities | created in 1762 | |
Enclosure wall | ||||
Tombs and mausoleums | ||||
Chapel, 1927–28 by Dihm | ||||
Administrator's house, 19th century | ||||
09010187 | Chausseestraße 127 ( location ) |
Cemetery I of the French Reformed Congregation | created in 1780 | |
Gravesites | ||||
Enclosure wall | ||||
09010005 | Invalidenstrasse 3 ( location ) |
Elisabethkirchplatz | from 1835, 1881 by Hermann Mächtig, changes since 1890 (see Ensemble Elisabethkirchstrasse 1–18, 21 and monument Invalidenstrasse 3) | |
09010190 | Invalidenstrasse 43 ( location ) |
Front garden of the Museum of Natural History | 1883–1889 by Richard Köhler (see overall complex Invalidenstrasse 42–44) | |
09010195 | Liesenstrasse 7 ( location ) |
Cemetery II of the French Reformed community with graves | created in 1835 | |
Remnants of the border wall | ||||
09010196 | Liesenstrasse 8 ( location ) |
St. Hedwig's Cemetery | created in 1834 | |
Gravesites | ||||
Cemetery chapel, 1866–1867, reconstruction in 1987 | ||||
09010203 | Poplar Square ( location ) |
Town square | 1912-1913 | |
Money counter fountain, 1912 by Ernst Wenck | ||||
09010206 | Scharnhorststrasse ( location ) |
Invalidenfriedhof see complete system: Berlin Wall |
created in 1748 | |
Gravesites | ||||
Remnants of the border wall |
Soil monuments
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
09020113 | Bernauer Strasse 4 ( location ) |
Foundations and remains of the basement of the Church of Reconciliation | 1892–1894 by Gotthilf Möckel; Cemetery and parish hall (see the entire Berlin Wall complex ...) |
Former monuments
No. | location | Official name | description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
unknown | Bernauer Street | former Wall, border section between Ackerstrasse and Bergstrasse | after 1961, now part of the entire Berlin Wall complex | |
unknown | Kieler Strasse 2 | Watchtower of the former command post at Kieler Eck | after 1961, now part of the entire Berlin Wall complex | |
unknown | Scharnhorststrasse | Section of the wall at the Invalidenfriedhof | 1961 and 1972, now part of the entire Berlin Wall complex |
literature
- Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (Ed.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Berlin. Mitte district. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-80-6 , pp. 538-545, 548-561, 568, 577-578, 627-656.