Cemetery II of the Sophiengemeinde Berlin
The II. Sophien-Friedhof is a burial place of the Sophienkirche in Berlin-Mitte . Its main entrance is at Bergstrasse 29, also in Berlin-Mitte. According to the Senate's list, it is an avenue district cemetery with an area of 64,621 m². It is located in the square between Bergstrasse, Bernauerstrasse, Ackerstrasse and Invalidenstrasse .
history
The Sophiengemeinde founded its first churchyard in 1713. This was directly on the Sophienkirche in the city area. Another cemetery was built in 1798 in front of the Hamburger Tor on the site south of today's Schröderstrasse . This was located on Gartenstrasse until 1875. Since 1806, the general land law required that cemeteries should be located outside of the inhabited areas. In 1827 the cemetery was too close to the expanding first tenements and so a third cemetery was needed. In the early years, the city needed the site for traffic planning. At the urging and after a good offer to the city of Berlin, the previous burial place was sold, de-dedicated and leveled. In 1888 the old, abandoned and no longer affected area was built on with the First Berlin Public Baths , a predecessor of today's Stadtbad Mitte . On a remaining strip of the cleared cemetery there is now a green area with a children's playground.
With the proceeds from the sale of the land, the community was able to afford the larger property on Bergstrasse. For the new cemetery she continued to use the designation II. Sophien-Friedhof . In 1852 the new cemetery was expanded and redesigned according to a design by the architect Rudolph Schröder. In 1865 a line of sight to the newly built Lazarus Hospital and Deaconess House was created.
The property boundary of the cemetery along Bernauer Strasse was in 1961 when the wall was built on the northern edge of Mitte (Soviet sector), right on the border with the Wedding district (French sector). Like the houses on this street, a 50-meter-wide strip was de-dedicated as a cemetery in the course of the 1960s and used for the increasing creation of border installations. In the early years of the Berlin Wall, it was still possible to visit the graves in the eastern part of the restricted area on Sundays and public holidays with special permission. The churchyard of the Elisabethgemeinde, which is adjacent to Ackerstrasse, was also affected to the same extent .
The death strip was retained at this point after the fall of the Wall and is part of the open-air museum of the Berlin Wall Memorial on Bernauer Strasse.
Cemetery II of the Sophiengemeinde
The cemetery chapel was built around 1898. The mosaic above the entrance portal, made by Puhl & Wagner, deserves a special mention . The wall tombs at the main entrance in Bergstrasse, the ensemble of six mausoleums in the middle and the burial place of the deaconesses of the Lazarus Hospital in the rear part of the cemetery are remarkable . The cemetery II of the Sophien parish with its enclosure wall, grave sites, chapel and mausoleums is included in the Berlin list of monuments as a garden monument.
Further cemeteries of the Sophiengemeinde
- Sophienfriedhof I
The Gottesacker directly at the Sophienkirche. It is located at Sophienstrasse 2 in the Spandauer Vorstadt , district of Mitte and covers 6,422 m². The cemetery is now a park area while retaining some historical graves. This cemetery is a garden and architectural monument of the State of Berlin and therefore the entire ensemble is under monument protection.
- Sophienfriedhof III
An avenue district cemetery of 55,286 m² on Freienwalder Strasse in the Gesundbrunnen district . It is laid out according to a narrow geometric grid, with main axes facing northeast. At the entrance is the chapel, built in 1877–1878, a yellow brick building similar to the chapel of the neighboring St. Elisabeth Kirchhof II. Probably based on a design by the architect Gustav Erdmann im Built in neoclassical style, the building has a morgue and an open vestibule next to the chapel. Hereditary burials were on the western wall next to St. Elisabeth-Kirchhof II, since the separating wall was removed, only the family Felix Lohmann's hereditary burial from 1896 made of sandstone exists. The mausoleum of the Stange family was built in 1910 with a granite cladding. Coordinates: 52 ° 33 ′ 32 " N , 13 ° 23 ′ 38" E
On the cemeteries of the Sophiengemeinde and the associated evangelical cemeteries there are extensive groves of honor for victims of war and tyranny. At Sophienfriedhof II there are 340 individual graves and 287 buried in a collective grave. The Elisabethfriedhof I with 24 individual graves is located in the Mitte district. There are also 33 individual graves for victims on Sophien I. In the district of Gesundbrunnen there are another 655 individual graves and a collective grave for 78 victims at the Elisabeth II cemetery. In addition, there are 421 individual and 10 collective graves on “Sophien III”.
On January 1, 1999, six Berlin parishes joined together for organizational purposes. The Sophiengemeinde now also manages their cemeteries. In particular, the Elisabethfriedhof, which is adjacent via Ackerstraße, belongs to this, as well as the now combined cemeteries Sophien III in Freienwalder Straße and Elisabeth-Friedhof II in Wollankstraße. The Elisabethfriedhof II with an area of 115,562 m² is the larger of the two.
Grove of honor for victims of war and violence at the Sophien III / Elisabeth II cemetery
The hereditary grave, which is isolated because of the laying down of the intermediate wall
Entrance to the III. Sophienfriedhof in Gesundbrunnen on Freienwalder Strasse
The entrance to cemetery II of the Protestant Elisabeth parish
Celebration hall of the Elisabethfriedhof II with bell tower
Graves of famous people
The graves of the Stieglitz lovers, famous in the 19th century, were in the abandoned second cemetery. Charlotte Stieglitz felt complicit in her husband Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz's writing inhibition and stabbed herself to inspire him to write again. This sad and romantic story was carried on for decades in poems and feature articles . Emotional readers searched for the graves and had to find out that the church had sold the "original" Sophien-Friedhof II for disdainful Mammon . The parish had not moved the gravesite of the suicide and the (baptized) Jew into the new cemetery II, probably to make the memory fade. The knowledge of this love story has been preserved up to the present day.
(*) = Honorary grave of the State of Berlin
- Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach (1759–1845), composer, last grandson of Johann Sebastian Bach , grave location: IX-5-45 / 46 (from 1994 to 2015 "Honorary Grave of the State of Berlin")
- Arndt Bause (1936–2003), composer
- Carl Bechstein * (1826–1900), piano maker and founder of the famous C. Bechstein piano factory , grave location: IX-1-1
- Edwin Bechstein (1859–1934), piano producer, son of Carl Bechstein, supporter of Hitler (grave not preserved)
- Hans-Jürgen Beerfeltz (1951–2016), politician (FDP), Federal Managing Director of the FDP and State Secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
- Ernst Böhme (1871–1901), theologian
- Siegfried Wilhelm Dehn (1799-1858), music theorist (grave not preserved)
- Ferdinand August Fischer (1805–1866), sculptor (grave not preserved)
- Albert Haack (1832–1906), city councilor and honorary citizen of Berlin (grave not preserved, nevertheless "Honorary Grave of the State of Berlin" until 2005)
- James Hobrecht (1825–1902), city planning officer , Hobrecht plan for sewage regulation, burial site: IV-14/16 (grave not preserved)
- Rudolf Höffner (1847–1925), furniture manufacturer, Möbel Höffner , grave location: I-19 / 20-23 to 28
- Theodor Hosemann (1807–1875), genre painter, illustrator and caricaturist , grave location: VIII-25-35 (from 1992 to 2015 "Honorary Grave of the State of Berlin")
- Johann Erdmann Hummel (1769-1852), painter (grave not preserved)
- Manfred Kiedorf (1936–2015), stage designer, draftsman and miniaturist, grave location: I-13-13
- Walter Kollo * (1878–1940), composed 30 operettas, such as Drei alte Schachteln , and Schlager, Grablage: IX-1-40 + 41
- Else Kolshorn (1873–1962), trade unionist and co-founder of the Association of German Reich Post and Telegraph Officers
- Albert Lortzing * (1801–1851), opera composer ( Tsar and Zimmermann , Der Wildschütz ), grave location: IX-6-46 + 47
- Rosina Regina Lortzing , b. Ahles (1799-1854), actress, wife of Albert Lortzing (grave not preserved)
- Eduard Maetzner (1805-1892), philologist, director of the Luisen-Gymnasium (grave not preserved)
- Ilse Malena († 1939), opera singer, after the end of her stage career, caring for musicians in need, grave location: I-21-3 (grave not preserved)
- Carl Mampe (1857–1899), spirits and liqueur manufacturer, “ Mampe Half and Half ”, grave location: I-1-29
- Arnold Marggraff , city councilor and honorary citizen of Berlin, drove the construction of the Berlin sewerage system together with Rudolf Virchow (grave not preserved, but "Honorary Grave of the State of Berlin" until 2005)
- Heinz Matloch, artist name Hanno Coldam (1932–1992), animal trainer
- Theodor Oesten (1813–1870), piano teacher, composer (grave not preserved)
- Emil Riemer (1875–1965), known as "Strohhut-Emil", artist and Berlin original, grave location: I-10-3
- Constantin Starck (1866–1939), sculptor
- Johanna Stegen *, married Hindersin (1793–1842), the “hero girl of Lüneburg”, portrait relief by Albert Moritz Wolff , grave location: VIII-5-23 + 24
- Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz (1801–1849), philologist, poet (grave not preserved)
- Max Stirner *, actually Johann Caspar Schmidt (1806–1865), philosopher ( the only one and his property ), grave location: V-8-53
- Adolf Streckfuß (1823–1895), writer, burial site: V-4-73
- Karl Streckfuss (1778 / 1779–1844), writer, translator and lawyer, father of Adolf Streckfuss (grave not preserved, nevertheless "Honorary Grave of the State of Berlin" until 2005)
- Wolfgang Ullmann (1929–2004), church historian, GDR civil rights activist, politician
- Karl Vollrath (1857–1915), journalist, politician (grave not preserved)
- Hermann Friedrich Waesemann * (1813–1879), architect , builder of the Berlin City Hall (so-called Red City Hall), portrait medallion by Otto Geyer , grave location: III-1-18 + 19
- Johann Gottfried Wetzstein (1815–1905), orientalist, diplomat
- Adolf Zander (1843–1914), Royal Music Director, grave location: X-26-22
See also
literature
- Jörg Kuhn, Katrin Lesser, Detlev Pietzsch u. a. (Editing), Jörg Haspel and Klaus-Henning von Krosigk (Editing): Garden monuments in Berlin - Friedhöfe. Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86568-293-2 .
- Klaus Hammer: Friedhöfe in Berlin - An art and cultural history guide , pp. 67–70. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89773-132-0 .
- Wilhelm Witte: The history of the Sophienkirche in Berlin from 1712 to 1912 . Berlin 1912.
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- The cemeteries of the Evangelical Church Congregation Sophien - Berlin
Individual evidence
- ^ List of Berlin cemeteries (including surrounding areas). (PDF; 84 kB) Senate Department for Urban Development, accessed on September 8, 2012 .
- ↑ The current name II. Sophien-Friedhof leads to confusion again and again, because in older sources it means the first cemetery in front of the excise wall on Gartenstraße.
- ↑ a b Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Graves of victims of war and tyranny. (PDF; 176 kB) Senate Department for Urban Development, January 2008, accessed on July 3, 2008 .
- ^ The churches of the Sophiengemeinde. In: Internet presence. Evangelical Church Congregation Sophien, archived from the original on January 20, 2014 ; Retrieved July 3, 2008 .
- ↑ Honorary graves of the State of Berlin. (PDF) Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection, October 2018, accessed on February 17, 2019 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 2 " N , 13 ° 23 ′ 30" E