List of beneficial insects

The list of beneficial results in significant beneficial organisms in the biological pest control on. First, the beneficial insect is named and then the pest or pests against which the beneficial insect can be used. There are still no German names for some beneficial insects. The headings name the classes , followed by the name of the order or subordination , with the first point the family and the second, indented point stands for special species . Special species are those that play a major role in biological pest control. This can be due to the feeding performance and food spectrum of the animals, to slight mass reproduction or to low demands on the location. In some cases, this can also apply to entire families.

Arachnids (arachnida)

The majority of the mite species (Acari) live phytophagus , some are considered storage pests, live as parasites of humans or animals or as destructors . Mites are sensitive to pesticides. The following are the zoophagous predatory mites , which often belong to the Phytoseiidae family:

• Subordination predatory mites (Gamasida):
  • Amblyseius barkeri , A. cucumeris . Pest: thrips , soft skin mites , spider mites (with low infestation)
  • Hypoaspis miles , H. aculeifer . Pest: fungus gnats - and swamp fly larvae, Thripspuppen, springtails , broad mite Rizoglyphus robini
  • Phytoseiulus persimilis , pest: spider mites
  • Amblyseius swirskii , pest: thrips (young larval stages), whitefly (eggs and larvae)

Roundworms (nematodes)

• • Nematode Steinernema feltiae . Pest: cherry fruit fly ( Rhagoletis cerasi )
  • Nematode Steinernema feltiae . Pest: black weevil ( Otiorrhynchus sulcatus )
  • Nematode Steinernema feltiae . Pest: fungus gnats
  • Nematode Steinernema feltiae . Pest: California. Flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis )
  • Nematode Heterorhabditis spp. Pest: larvae of the garden beetle Phyllopertha horticola

Insects (Insecta)

Common earwig ( Forficula auricularia )

Earwigs (Dermaptera) play an important role in fruit growing as antagonists of the blood louse (Eriosoma lanigerum); 50 to 120 pieces are eaten per night. Lice are preferred, but earwigs can turn into pests without prey. They then prefer to eat soft plant material such as flowers or overripe fruit.

• Real earwigs (Forficulidae):
  • Common earwig ( Forficula auricularia ): Most important species in cultures.

Bedbugs (Heteroptera):

• Flower bugs (Anthocoridae) :
  • Anthocoris nemorum : Eats spider mites , aphids in all stages, small caterpillars, gall mosquito larvae, pear leaf suckers( Cacopsylla ), beetle larvae and pupae.
  • Orius majusculus : Is considered to be the successful successor to the ineffective Amblyseius predatory mites for controlling the California flowering thrips in commercial horticulture.

Lacewings (Planipennia):

Green pearl eye ( Chrysopa perla ) among plant lice

• Lacewing (Chrysopydae) mostly feed on nectar or honeydew as imago , only in some species they feed on predatory food. The larvae are all predatory and polyphagous and are also called aphid lions (also the larvae of the diurnal ).
  • Common lacewing ( Chrysoperla carnea ); ( Insect of the Year (Germany) 1999): The larva eats aphids, woolly , scale and mealybugs (200 to 500 lice per development), thrips, spider mites, caterpillars .
  • Green pearl eye ( Chrysopa perla ): Larva eats up to 1000 aphids per development. The imago also lives predatory.

Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera):

Wood wasp ( Rhyssa persuasoria ) defines by means of ovipositor eggs in a spruce trunk.

• Parasitic wasps (Ichneumonidae): Ichneumonidae are of great importance in fruit growing and forestry, as they parasitize caterpillars, Fly, Blattwespen- and beetle larvae, and also those who live in wood, are not protected.
  • Wood parasitic wasp ( Rhyssa persuasoria ): The adults lay their eggs in larvae-infested wood, the larva of the beneficial insect lives ectoparasitically from wood wasps (Siricidae) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae).
  • Leptomastix dactylopii : This monophagous endoparasite parasitizes mealybugs and mealybugs , especially the citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri ). Leptomastix dactylopii must be used in the case of low pest infestation, otherwise an effect can only be seen after 2 to 3 months. However, the pests are easily found even at low densities. Leptomastix dactylopii should only be used in biological crop protection together with Leptomastidea abnormalis .
  • Leptomastidea abnormalis : This monophagous endoparasite parasitizes mealybugs and mealybugs, especially the citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri ). It should only be used together with Leptomastix dactylopii .

• Aphelinidae ; from the superfamily of the ore wasps (Chalcidoidea):
  • Encarsia formosa : The species has in greenhouses to combat whiteflies ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum proven).

• Brackidae (Braconidae):
  • Dacnusa sibirica : It is grown in masses and in greenhouses against leaf miners used.

• Eulophidae ; from the superfamily of the ore wasps (Chalcidoidea):
  • Diglyphus isaea : The species is successfully used against leaf miners in greenhouses.

Beetle (Coleoptera):

• Ladybirds (Coccinellidae):
  • Seven-spotted ladybird ( Coccinella septempunctata ); (Insect of the year 2006 in Germany and Austria ): Prefers aphids
  • Australian ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri : An Australian ladybird eats about 250 woolly or mealybugs every day.

Fly (Diptera):

• Gall mosquitoes (Cecidomyiidae):
  • Feltiella acarisuga . Pest: spider mites
  • Aphid gall mosquito ( Aphidoletes aphidimyza ): The species has more than 60 species of aphids as prey and is an effective beneficial insect that is often used in greenhouses. The adults live exclusively on honeydew. A female can lay up to 200 eggs, preferably in aphid colonies. The larvae can eat 20 to 80 aphids for 5 to 8 days.

Microorganisms

Bacteria (Bacteria):

• Bacillus thuringiensis . Pests: larvae of insects of the orders Coleoptera , Lepidoptera and Diptera

Mushrooms (Fungi):

• Beauvaria bassiana: use a. a. against whitefly , thrips and the like a. insects
• Metarhikum anisopliae : pathogen for different insect stages that live in the soil, used by a. against black weevils

Viruses :

• Various granulosic viruses against curler species in fruit growing

See also

• Plant protection
• Biological plant protection

literature

• Moritz Bürki, Philipp Gut, Wolfgang Scholz: Image atlas: Plant protection on ornamental and useful plants ; 6th, revised edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-5497-5 .

Web links

• Beneficial organisms and providers in Germany , list by the Julius Kühn Institute
• Beneficial insects for biological pest control
• List of beneficial organisms at oekolandbau.de (information portal of the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 45.
2. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 46.
3. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 52.
4. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 52.
5. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P.56.
6. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 226.
7. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 64.
8. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 64.
9. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 91.
10. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 92.
11. ↑ Matthias Zimmermann: Article: Wood parasitic wasp in Natur-Lexikon.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
12. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 234.
13. ↑ Article: Leptomastix dactylopii on oekolandbau.de. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
14. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 196.
15. ↑ Article: Leptomastidea abnormalis on oekolandbau.de. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
16. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 107.
17. ↑ Article: Aphelinidae . In the Universal Chalcidoidea Database of the Natural History Museum
18. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . Pp. 93, 229.
19. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 102.
20. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 184.
21. ↑ Manfred Fortmann: The great cosmos book of beneficial insects . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06588-X . P. 206.
22. ↑ Julius Kühn Institute: Beneficial insects for biological plant protection. In: oekolandbau.de. BLE, accessed June 19, 2018 .