List of the judge deities of the judgment of the dead in the Egyptian Book of the Dead
The list of judge deities of the Judgment of the Dead in the Egyptian Book of the Dead includes the 42 assessor deities of the Judgment of the Dead at the beginning of the New Kingdom , before whom the deceased in the Egyptian Book of the Dead in the Hall of Complete Truth has to affirm his purity through the " negative confession of guilt ". Osiris presided as the 43rd judge.
The judges of the dead are mentioned in particular in the 125th Book of the Dead.
| Surname | Judge of the dead | identification | crime |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Far-reaching" | Heliopolis | Falsehood |
| 2 Werat | "Who hugs the flame" | Cheraha | robbery |
| 3 Thoth | "You with the beak" | Hermopolis | greed |
| 4 Am-hehu | "Shadow devourer" | "From the pit" | Theft , robbery, murder , greed |
| 5 | "Scary face" | Ra-setjau | murder |
| 6 ruti | "The pair of lions" | "From heaven" | Destruction of food |
| 7th | "Whose eyes are knives" | Letopolis | dishonesty |
| 8th | "Burning" | "Which emerges upside down" | Theft of offerings |
| 9 | "Bone breaker" | Herakleopolis | lying |
| 10 | "Flameless" | Memphis | Theft of food |
| 11 | "Pit dwellers" | "from the West" | peevishness |
| 12 Sobek | "White tooth" | Fayyum | aggression |
| 13 Khnum | " Blood eater " | "From the slaughterhouse" | Killing a god animal |
| 14 Wenem-besku | "Gut eater" | "Thirties Court" | Grain usury |
| 15th | "Lord of Truth" | "Place of the Two Truths" | Theft of bread |
| 16 tenem | "Turned away" | Bubastis | Listen |
| 17th | "Shiny" | Heliopolis | babble |
| 18th | "Evil snake" | Busiris | Fight |
| 19 Wamemti | "Snake" | "From the slaughterhouse" | Adultery |
| 20th | "He looks what he has brought" | Temple of Min | Fornication |
| 21st | "Highest of the Elders" | Imau | terror excite |
| 22 Chemy | "Subversive" | Xois | Committing wrongdoing |
| 23 | "You with a powerful voice" | "From the sanctuary" | Heat |
| 24 | "Child" | Heliopoliotan Gau | deaf to the truth |
| 25th | "You with a proclaiming voice" | Wensi | Troublemaking |
| 26th | Basti | from the Shetit | "Fool the light" |
| 27 | "Behind the scenes" | "From the locked pit" | Sex with a boy |
| 28 | "Hot foot" | "From the twilight" | carelessness |
| 29 | "Veiled" | "Out of the veil" | Fight |
| 30th | "Who brings his sacrifice" | Sais | Violence |
| 31 | "Multi-faceted" | Nedjefet | impatience |
| 32 | "Accuser" | Utjenet | Damage to an image of a god |
| 33 | "Lord of the double horn" | Assyut | Talkativeness |
| 34 Nefertem | "Perfect in being and not being" | Memphis | Wrongdoing, looking at evil |
| 35 | "Who leaves nothing" | Busiris | Sorcery against the king |
| 36 | "Who does according to his will" | Antaiopolis | wade in the water |
| 37 Ihi | "The musician" | "From the primordial ocean" | loud buzzing |
| 38 | "Who commands the people" | "From his shrine" | Denigration of God |
| 39 | Neheb-Nefret | "From his temple" | Bloatedness |
| 40 Nehebkau | "Who makes the spirits usable" | "From his pit (city)" | to rise above others |
| 41 | "Upright snake" | "From their chapel (pit)" | dishonest wealth |
| 42 | "Fetch whose arm" | "From the realm of the dead" | blasphemy |
literature
- Richard H. Wilkinson : The world of the gods in ancient Egypt. Belief power mythology. Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1819-6 , p. 84.
Remarks
- ↑ Numbering according to Wilkinson: The world of the gods in ancient Egypt. Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, p. 84
- ↑ In the 26th dynasty and Greek and Roman times: " Werat " as the one with the great moment .
- ↑ Function of the Am-hehu as a shadow devourer ; appropriately named in the Greek-Roman era as the devourer of the millions . See also: Friedrich Graf: The Egyptian Faith, Volume II: The Egyptian concept of the afterlife and gods in ancient Egypt. 1st new edition, Books on Demand (BoD), Norderstedt 2011, ISBN 978-3-8423-8081-3 , pp. 136-137 ( at google-books ).