Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch van Rosenthal

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch van Rosenthal (1930)

Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Frederik Marie Ritter Bosch van Rosenthal (born April 7, 1884 in Dordrecht , † January 30, 1953 in Zeist ) was a Dutch lawyer and politician . During the German occupation of the Netherlands from 1940 to 1945 he actively supported the resistance .

biography

Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch van Rosenthal came from a noble, wealthy family that belonged to the Prussian nobility until the 19th century . After graduating from school, he studied law at the universities of Leiden and Utrecht and completed his studies with a doctorate. He then initially worked as a lawyer and subsequently held various public positions: he was a member of the municipal council of Zutphen (1915-1917), mayor of Brummen (1917-1924) as well as of Groningen (1928-1930) and of The Hague ( 1930-1934). From 1934 to 1941 he was the royal commissioner of the province of Utrecht . From 1928 he was a member of the Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU).

After the Netherlands capitulated in May 1940, many Dutch officials remained in office and carried out the instructions of the German occupiers without resistance. Bosch van Rosenthal, however, refused to remove Jewish officials from the service, which led to his own dismissal in February 1941. He categorically refused to shake hands with Germans; on a visit to the German Reich Commissioner for the Netherlands, Arthur Seyss-Inquart , in Utrecht , he hardly exchanged a word with him. When the Grebbe Commission , of which he was a member and which supported the victims of the German invasion, was banned, he went underground. He became a consultant and networker in the resistance, especially for the Parool group . His brother Edzard Jacob Bosch van Rosenthal (1892–1945) was also active in the resistance; he died in February 1945 under unknown circumstances.

Towards the end of the war, against the background of disputes between the various resistance groups, Bosch von Rosenthal preoccupied himself with the question of who would be in power in the Netherlands after the occupation ended. Former officers of the Dutch military had set up the Ordedienst (OD), which left resistance groups like Vrij Nederland viewed with skepticism. Bosch took on the role of a liaison between the various groups.

From August 1944 to May 1945 Bosch van Rosenthal was chairman of the College van Vertrouwensmannen , an interim cabinet appointed by the Dutch government-in-exile in London , which in the event of liberation would represent it until it returned. He was given a central political role in the future Netherlands. He had visions of the political reorganization of the Netherlands after the end of the war, which flowed into the brochure of the CHU De politieke en maatschappelijke opbouw van Nederland , which was illegally distributed in June 1944 with a circulation of 10,000 copies. In his writing he advocated, among other things, alleviating the pillar of society, banning National Socialist and Communist parties, allowing parliament to meet only twice a year and giving the Prime Minister more power and for an anti-capitalist economic policy, after which less Taxes should be levied on labor, but more on wealth.

Bosch van Rosenthal was the one who proclaimed the liberation from German occupation on May 5, 1945 from the balcony of the city hall of The Hague . He hoped to implement parts of these ideas because of his role in the resistance. However, this wish and his ideas for the reorganization of the Netherlands did not fit with the ideas of the government. Queen Wilhelmina , who exerted great political influence at the time, was open to some of his ideas and advocated a special influence of the members of the resistance in their implementation. But she harbored a personal antipathy towards Bosch van Rosenthal, because she considered him to be a "very ambitious man" and therefore distrusted him. While the cabinet was being formed, she refused to officially receive him and so successfully prevented him from receiving an important political office in post-war Netherlands. This offended the heart-sick Rosenthal so much that he suffered a nervous breakdown in December 1945.

On May 6, 1945 Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch van Rosenthal was reinstated as royal commissioner in Utrecht, but was no longer able to actively exercise this office due to its collapse from December 1945. From August 1945 until his death he was a member of the Raad van State .

Honors

literature

  • Ger van Roon : Een commissaris in het verzet. Year mr.dr. LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal. Voorhoeve, Kampen 1999, ISBN 90-297-1647-9 .
  • Persoonlijkheden in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in woord en beeld. Van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam 1938.

Web links

Commons : Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch van Rosenthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stamboom van Willemse- Diermen. In: genealogieonline. Retrieved December 13, 2014 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Mr.dr. LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal. Parlementair Documentatie Centrum, accessed on December 13, 2014 (Dutch).
  3. ↑ a b Shirley Haasnoot, Bas Kromhout: Tien grote Nederlandse verzetshelden. Historically Niewsblad, April 2006, accessed December 14, 2014 (Dutch).
  4. ^ College van Vertrouwensmannen der Nederlandschen Regeering. In: archieven.nl. Retrieved November 1, 2014 (Dutch).
  5. ↑ Rogier van den Broek: Een kwestie van vertrouwen. De naoorlogse politieke invloed van LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal . Ed .: Research work at the University of Utrecht. June 4, 2014, p. 6 .
  6. ↑ Rogier van den Broek: Een kwestie van vertrouwen. De naoorlogse politieke invloed van LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal . Ed .: Research work at the University of Utrecht. June 4, 2014, p. 10 f .
  7. ↑ Rogier van den Broek: Een kwestie van vertrouwen. De naoorlogse politieke invloed van LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal . Ed .: Research work at the University of Utrecht. June 4, 2014, p. 19 .
  8. ↑ Rogier van den Broek: Een kwestie van vertrouwen. De naoorlogse politieke invloed van LHN Bosch ridder van Rosenthal . Ed .: Research work at the University of Utrecht. June 4, 2014, p. 32 f .
  9. ↑ Bosch Ridder van Rosenthal, Jonkheer mr. dr. Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas. In: onderscheidingen.nl. Retrieved December 15, 2014 .
personal data
SURNAME Bosch van Rosenthal, Lodewijk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bosch van Rosenthal, Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Frederik Marie Ritter (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch lawyer and resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Dordrecht
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1953
Place of death Zeist