Courteau was in the final of the junior tournament of the French Open in 1982 . In the same year he became a tennis professional and was in the final of the ATP tournament in Quito , which he lost to Andrés Gómez . It was his only final participation in the men's singles. In the following years he reached several finals in doubles with Guy Forget , in 1986 he was able to win his only title at the side of Horst Skoff in Buenos Aires . Towards the end of the 1980s, he played increasingly on the ATP Challenger Tour and satellite tournaments; Among other things, he won the Challenger tournament in Cairo with Tore Meinecke in 1987 . He reached his highest scores in the ATP world rankings in 1982 with position 159 in singles and 1987 with position 37 in doubles.
His best performance in a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the third round at Wimbledon in 1983. His best result in the doubles competition was the round of 16 participation in 1984 at the French Open .
After retiring from professional sports, Courteau worked as a tennis coach. From 2002 to 2008 he was the coach of Amélie Mauresmo , whom he led to two Grand Slam titles and to the top of the world rankings.