Luther's Vulgate revision

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Luther's Vulgate revision (seldom also: Wittenberger Vulgate revision ) is the name for an extensive revision of the Vulgate from 1529, in which Luther's authorship or at least significant participation is assumed.

translation

The Vulgate revision was first printed in 1529 by the Wittenberg printer Nickel Schirlenz . The print included the Five Books of Moses ( Pentateuchus ), the Book of Joshua ( Liber Iosue ), the Book of Judges ( Liber Iudicum ), the Book of Ruth ( Liber Ruth ), the 1st Book of Samuel ( Liber Primus Regum ), the 2nd Book of Samuel ( Liber Secundus Regum ), the 1st Book of Kings ( Liber Tertius Regum ), the 2nd Book of Kings ( Liber Quartus Regum ) and the complete New Testament ( Novum Testamentum ), a greeting to the reader ( Lectori Salutem ) and a foreword by Martin Luther to the Old Testament ( Praefatio Martini Lutheri in Vetus Testamentum ). There were no marginal notes . The Acts followed in the traditional method to the letter and not the changed order of the German Luther Bible . The author's name was not mentioned. In 1536 Nickel Schirlenz reprinted the New Testament, this time with a preface by Martin Luther ( Praefatio D. Marti. Luthe. In Novum Testamentum ) and a preface to the letter to the Romans . ( Praefatio in Epistolam Pauli. Ad Romanos ). This time there were no marginal notes either.

The Vulgate revision was still missing the remaining books of the Old Testament and the Apocrypha. In 1529 and 1537 Luther had his revised edition of the Latin Psalter printed. Luther's colleague Justus Jonas translated the German version of the Luther Bible of Jesus Sirach into Latin and published it in Wittenberg in 1538 under the title Liber Jesu Sirach . Nevertheless, the Wittenberg Vulgate revision remained incomplete.

In the aforementioned greeting to the reader, it is explained that the Vulgate revision was made at the request of printers because of the lack of good Bibles. Initially, they only wanted to correct individual errors, but the large number of errors made a new translation necessary in some cases. Erwin Nestle stated: “The intention [...] was not to displace the old Bible; this should not be used in church or in public, but only at home and for the discussion of the Scriptures. Just as the Bible was translated into German for the 'common man' in Wittenberg as he needed it, so too was efforts made for the Latin educated, students and scholars: Reformation and humanism! "

The exact Vulgate edition on which the revision is based has not yet been determined by science. Nevertheless, it is clearly recognizable that the Vulgate has been revised from the original Hebrew and Greek texts and from Luther's German translation of the Bible.

effect

The Vulgate revision received little attention. Only the New Testament was reprinted a few more times (1529 in Hagenau, 1536 in Wittenberg, 1537 in Basel, 1554 and 1570 in Frankfurt am Main).

When in 1571 Wittenberg crypto-calvinists used a quote from the Vulgate revision in a dispute against the doctrine of ubiquity and thus used Luther for their own argument, this led to Luther's authorship being questioned in whole or in part on the part of their Lutheran opponents.

However , in his edition of Luther's works in 1744, Johann Georg Walch firmly established Luther's authorship. Today it is assumed that Luther was either the author or at least played a major role in its creation.

Bible editions

  • Walch : Luther's works. Volume 14 II, 1744
  • Weimar Edition - DB 5. Text of the Vulgate revision of 1529
  • Weimar Edition - DB 10. II. Revised edition of the Latin Psalter (1529 and 1537) , pages 185 to 289

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ Under the name Pentatevchvs - Liber Iosve - Liber Ivdicvm - Libri Regvm - Novvm Testamentvm
  2. ↑ The name of the author was also not mentioned in the September Testament .
  3. ↑ In an edition from 1554, long after Luther's death, printed in Frankfurt am Main, the missing forewords by Luther were added.
  4. ↑ See Hans Volz: Martin Luthers German Bible. Origin and history of the Luther Bible . 1978, Hamburg
  5. ↑ Efforts to create a complete Latin Luther Bible did not cease after Luther's death. Paul Crell revised Paul Eber's published Vulgate based on Luther's translation of the Bible and published it in Wittenberg in 1574 under the name Biblia latina - studio Pauli Crellii . See Heinrich Heppe:  Crell, Paul . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 588 f.
  6. ↑ WA DB 5. Page XI and 1
  7. ↑ WA DB 5. Page XVIII
  8. ↑ WA DB 5. Page XI
  9. ↑ a b c WA DB 5. Page XXI
  10. ↑ WA DB 5. Pages XXI and XXVI
  11. ↑ Education - Ubiquity ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: Wissen.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wissen.de
  12. ↑ Wolf-Friedrich Schäufele classifies this similarly - see: Research project: Phillips University of Marburg - Martin Luther's Latin Bible ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-marburg.de