Munich truce
The Munich truce was an area that was outside the city walls of the medieval city of Munich , but was still subject to its jurisdiction.
history
From the beginning, the city of Munich also included land and buildings outside the city walls, e.g. B. between the city and the Isar located mills. The affiliation of the Leprosy Hospital am Gasteig on the other side of the Isar to the city of Munich was never controversial.
It was first stipulated in writing in the Rudolfinische Handfeste on June 19, 1294 that certain rights established for the city should also apply in a certain area outside the city (in the stat or umbe, daz belongs to the stat). In a document of Ludwig of Bavaria from 1315 the formulation "in the stat and uberal in the judge that belongs to the same stat" can be found.
On January 20, 1380, the name Burgfrieden (in the stat purkchfrid) was first mentioned in a Munich court book for this area outside the city, but legally belonging to the city. So this area is also in a document from March 17, 1391 of the Dukes Stephan III. , Friedrich and Johann II .
After disputes arose between the city of Munich and the Wolfratshausen district court regarding the Gasteig due to unclear responsibilities, the Munich truce was re-measured in 1460 and documented in writing on October 24th in the oldest known truce by the dukes Johann IV and Siegmund . The borders were marked by border pillars. Outside of the truce, Munich had no land, palace, seat or court mark belonging to it.
In 1724 the truce was corrected: Part of the game-rich Hirschau, which lay within the truce (in what is now the southern part of the English Garden ), was removed from it in order to serve the elector as a hunting ground. For this, Munich was awarded an area around the Flaucher and Dreimühlenbach in the south . In addition, the Lehel , which was already in the area of the castle peace, but for which there were still ducal reservations, was now fully under the jurisdiction of the city.
The truce was also the area into which the city of Munich initially expanded after its walls were razed around 1800. The suburbs of St. Anna-Vorstadt ( Lehel ), Isarvorstadt , Ludwigsvorstadt , Maxvorstadt and Schönfeldvorstadt (today part of Maxvorstadt) were created here. The term “Burgfrieden” remained in use until the late 19th century, even after Munich was devastated and after the establishment of Munich in 1818 as a politically independent municipality.
Around the middle of the 19th century, the truce was expanded again: in 1846 mainly around the Theresienhöhe, the Marsfeld and the northern part of the English Garden and in 1852 around the Bavariapark and the adjoining shooting range of the Hauptschützengesellschaft Munich . From 1854, the urban area of Munich expanded to a greater extent, as surrounding, originally independent communities were incorporated into Munich . In 1899, in connection with the incorporation of Thalkirchens, there was talk of an "incorporation into the truce".
Truce columns
From 1460 the limits of the truce were truce pillars marks that have been partially replaced over the centuries by new, and later by landmarks. In the castle peace plan by Matthias Paur from 1728, 25 castle peace columns and 3 boundary stones ( Marchstein ) are noted. Five castle truce columns are still preserved, but with the exception of no. 13 and 22 are so badly weathered that the historical inscriptions (number or year and number) can no longer be read. The stone castle truce columns are between 2.40 and 3.00 m high and show the Munich coat of arms (monk) on the front facing the city and the Bavarian coat of arms (lozenges) on the back.
| No. | Location | built | Remarks | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Theresienhöhe at the original location ( location ) | presumably 1521 | On the side facing away from the city information board from 1906 with the inscription:
|
 more pictures |
| 5 | in front of Marsstraße 46 ( Lage ), originally a little bit out of town on the hillside ( Lage ) |
around 1650 | Behind the stone there is an information board on the house wall (building Marstrasse 48) with the inscription:
|
 more pictures |
| 9 |
Elisabethplatz ( location ), originally near Kurfürstenplatz, ( location ) |
presumably 1521 | since 1958 on Elisabethplatz, until 1973 on the northeast corner of the green area |
 more pictures |
| 13 | English Garden , approx. 100 m southwest of the Monopteros at the original location ( location ) | 1728 | Inscription: "1724/13". The number "3" was later overwritten (year and reason could not be determined) with "2", which can still be seen. |
 more pictures |
| 22nd |
Sankt-Jakobs-Platz 1 in the courtyard of the Stadtmuseum ( location ), originally at the corner of Thalkirchner Strasse and Dietramszeller Strasse ( location ) |
1728 | Inscription: "1724/22"; since 1895 in the courtyard of the city museum, from 1973 for some time (at least until 1990) in the entrance area of the museum. Next to the column there is an information board “Grenzpfeiler des Münchner Burgfriedens”, which explains the term “Burgfrieden” and incorrectly states “Thalkirchner Strasse at the level of the slaughterhouse and cattle yard” as the original location of the Burgfriedenspillar No. 22. |
 more pictures |
The side facing Munich is marked with MB on the boundary stones used later.
literature
-
Helmuth Stahleder : Chronicle of the City of Munich . Dölling and Galitz Verlag , Ebenhausen 2005.
- Volume 1: Duke and bourgeois town. The years 1157–1505. ISBN 3-937904-10-7 .
- Volume 3: Forced Shine. The years 1706-1818. ISBN 3-937904-12-3 .
- Helmuth Stahleder: House and street names in Munich's old town . Hugendubel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-88034-640-2 .
- Kurt Winschiers: Munich truce columns as historical boundary stones - On the history of the Munich truce. Bulletin of the DVW Bayern (German Association for Surveying, Regional Association Bavaria), year 1990, no. 4, pp. 341–370.
- Pankraz Fried: The limits of the Munich truce and the offending regional courts from the 15th to the 19th century . Map attachment in the Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria, Issue 11/12: The Dachau and Kranzberg regional courts ( online in the digital library of the Bavarian State Library ). The border of the tax district from 1808 is incorrectly entered here as the castle peace border, but the two did not coincide. The truce was not changed again until 1846 after 1724.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stahleder: Chronicle of the City of Munich. , Vol. 1, p. 59.
- ↑ a b Stahleder: House and street names in Munich's old town , p. 47
- ↑ Stahleder: Chronicle of the City of Munich. , Vol. 1, p. 153.
- ↑ Stahleder: Chronicle of the City of Munich. October 24, 1460. Vol. 1, p. 362.
- ↑ Stahleder: Chronicle of the City of Munich. , Vol. 3, p. 93.
- ↑ However, the exact number varies depending on the source used
- ↑ Winschiers 1990
- ↑ wrong year, correct is 1724
Map with all coordinates: