Magdalena Kade

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Magdalena Kade, lithograph around 1870
Marian apparition and healing of the Blessed. Magdalena Kade, in Philippsdorf, 1866; contemporary devotional image
Magdalena Kade's house in 1866, with a crowd of pilgrims and the curious
The pilgrimage basilica

Magdalena Kade (born June 5, 1835 in Philippsdorf , Northern Bohemia ; † December 10, 1905 there ) was a house weaver and became famous as the "Bohemian Bernadette". In 1866, Mary, the Mother of God, is said to have appeared to her at the bedside , which led to a spontaneous healing of longstanding illnesses. Subsequently, a place of pilgrimage for devotion to Mary arose in Philippsdorf .

Life and apparition of Mary

Kade lived as a house weaver with her family in modest living conditions in a wooden house with two looms and a few fields in the village of Philippsdorf near Rumburg in northern Bohemia. She lost her father at the age of 13 and fell ill for unknown reasons at 19, suffering from cramps, unconsciousness, inflammation and ulcers. In 1861 her mother died. After a further three years in the house of brother Josef Kade and his family, Veronika Kindermann, a relative of Pastor Karl Kindermann, who later became the canon of honor at Sankt Stephan in Leitmeritz , took her in as a mercy. On December 15, 1865, her brother brought her back to house 63 at Philippsdorf, as Magdalena's death seemed imminent. Chaplain Franz Storch, whose energy was later decisive for the development of the pilgrimage site of Philippsdorf and the construction of the Basilica of the Helpful Virgin Mary, donated the last anointing of the sick to her . Veronika Kindermann had accompanied the patient and stayed with Magdalena Kade.

On January 13, 1866 at 4 a.m., the room in which the terminally ill, praying 31-year-old Magdalena Kade was lying, is said to have suddenly become bright and a figure of light, Mary as Queen of Heaven, should say to her: “My child "From now on it heals" said. The patient is said to have got up in excitement, called in a strong voice for the relatives and removed a bandage from her body. She felt healed of her ailments and went back to work in the brother's household.

The news of this miraculous healing spread and the curious sought out Magdalena Kade. Petitioners hoped for her intercession with Mary, Mother of God, in case of suffering and infirmity. The poor economic situation of the Kade family improved thanks to their donations. House No. 63 in Philippsdorf was called the “Gnadenhäuschen” and the “Prayer Room” was expanded from 1870 to 1873 into a chapel with regular Catholic services. Further miraculous healings became known. Monsignor Franz Storch registered these with names and details and published them in a widely distributed series between 1867 and 1887.

On March 7, 1866, during the German War , a delegation from the bishop of the Leitmeritz diocese reached the village of Philippsdorf to question the witnesses of Magdalena Kade's miraculous healing. Veronika Kindermann, who was present in the Magdalena Kade's room on January 13, 1866, is said to have not noticed the bright light and the appearance of Mary, the Mother of God. Nothing is known about the whereabouts of the minutes of these interviews.

Magdalena Kade died in 1905 at the age of 70 in her house near the basilica in Philippsdorf and was buried in the new cemetery in the parish of Georgswalde . Her remains were reburied in a tomb in the cemetery in Philippsdorf in 1923 and finally found their place of rest in 1925 in the sanctuary of the Chapel of Mercy of the Basilica in Philippsdorf, the place where Mary appeared.

Creation of the minor basilica of the Helpful Virgin Mary

By collecting and managing donations, Monsignor Franz Storch was responsible for the procurement of the construction costs of the Maria-Hilf-Basilika von Philippsdorf (today Filipov ), designed by the Viennese architect F. Hutzler. The Austrian Emperor Franz Josef I was among the donors . The building site of the basilica comprised the former fields of the Kade family. The building was erected between 1873 and 1885 in neo-Gothic-Romanesque style with two high towers that can be seen from afar and received a larger than life statue of the Virgin Mary with a child, her son Jesus Christ .

In 1926, after the remains of Magdalena Kade were transferred to the pilgrimage church, Pope Pius XI received it . , who had visited Philippsdorf in 1920 as papal nuncio, the honorary title of a minor basilica .

criticism

Contemporaries, including Magdalena's doctor, questioned the supposed miracle healing. In 2008, Kerstin Schneider , a distant relative of Magdalena Kade, examined the history of her family. In “Marie's Files” she traces the fate of her schizophrenic great-aunt Lina Marie Schöbel , who suddenly thought she was “Jesus” at the age of 28 and fell victim to the National Socialist “ annihilation of life unworthy of life ” in 1942 , and shows the clear parallels to the clinical picture of her great-great-great-aunt Magdalena. This explanatory approach is rejected by church representatives. However, the church itself no longer speaks of a “miracle”, as the Sächsische Zeitung of January 11, 2016 was able to gather.

literature

  • Heribert Sturm (Ed.): Biographical lexicon for the history of the Bohemian countries. Volume II: I - M published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) , R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-486-52551-4 , p. 78.
  • Franz Storch: Maria, the salvation of the sick. 11 issues, self-published from 1867 to 1887.
  • Johannes Polifka: Maria-Filippsdorf - A pilgrimage book. Hundreds of Marian lectures for Marian festivals and Marian associations. Alphonsus bookstore, Münster 1897.
  • Wilhelm Pfeiffer: The home district Schluckenau in the north Bohemian Netherlands. Sudetendeutsches Heimatbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1977, pp. 99f., 131. (biographical part of Erhard Marschner)
  • Warnsdorfer Heimatbrief - Heimatbote for the North Bohemian Netherlands from February 15, 1950. Rain in Lower Bavaria.
  • Rudolf Sitka: The places of grace of the Sudetenland. Dedicated in pious reverence to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary in the Marian year 1954. Heimatverlag Renner, Kempten im Allgäu, 1954, pp. 11–21.
  • Kerstin Schneider : Marie's file. A family secret. weissbooks.w, Frankfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-940888-02-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kristina Kaiserová , Marie Macková: The German Redemptorists in Bohemia and their important representatives . In: Yearbook for German and Eastern European Folklore . Vol. 53 (2012), pp. 133–153, here pp. 144f.
  2. ^ Publication of the relatives of Magdalena Kade Kerstin Schneider : Marie's file from 2008
  3. ↑ Steffen Neumann: A miracle, its church and the consequences . In: Saxon newspaper . January 11, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Kade, Magdalena
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Giver of occasion for a place of pilgrimage
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Philippsdorf , Northern Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1905
Place of death Philippsdorf , Northern Bohemia