Common rattle sponge
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Common rattle sponge ( Grifola frondosa ) |
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| Grifola frondosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Dicks .: Fr. ) Gray |
The Common rattling sponge ( Grifola frondosa ), also known as Laubporling , Spatelhütiger Porling and under its Japanese name maitake ( 舞茸 , dt. "Dancing mushroom"), a mushroom art from the family of Riesenporlingsverwandten (Meripilaceae). It is particularly valued as an edible mushroom in Japan and is used in traditional Chinese medicine .
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies are in clumps and like small, leafy bushes that stand on the ground. They can reach a diameter of over 50 cm and a weight of 5–15 kg. The thick stalk of the mushroom branches out into many thinner branches that end in flattened, spatula-shaped hats that slide one on top of the other and always attach to the sides. The hat lobes are 2–6, in extreme cases up to 12 cm wide. They are longitudinally wrinkled and brown-gray. On the underside, which does not blacken under pressure, there are round, white pores . The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The Basidio spores are short ellipsoid with a smooth surface. They are 5-6 micrometers long and 3.5-4.5 micrometers wide.
Species delimitation
The common rattle sponge can be confused with the red hare ( Polyporus umbellatus ). Its hats, however, are centrally stalked. Confusion with the giant porling ( Merilpus giganteus ) also occurs, but its pores blacken when pressed.
ecology
It grows mostly at the foot of old oaks ( Quercus ), rare but also to Linden ( Tilia ), chestnut ( Castanea ), Book ( Fagus ) and parasitized at their roots . It causes white rot in the wood . As a rule, the fungus appears in the same place for several years in a row.
distribution
The distribution area of the common rattle sponge extends from the subtropics to the northern temperate zone . In North America, the range is limited to the northeastern United States and Canada; however, individual occurrences were also found further west. The westernmost occurrence is in Idaho . In Japan, the mushroom only thrives naturally in the northeast of the country.
meaning
etymology
The German name arose from the property that the hats collapse when the fruit bodies are shaken. The Latin generic name stands for the catches of birds of prey , which the hats of the mushroom seem to be similar to.
Edible mushroom
In China and Japan the maitake has been used since 3,000 BC. Collected and eaten. Today it is one of the most important edible mushrooms in the region along with Shiitake ( Lentinula edodes ), Buna- Shimeji ( Hypsizygus tessulatus ) and Enoki ( Flammulina velutipes ). Professional cultivation began in Japan in 1981 and 325 tons of the mushroom were produced. In 1985 the total production was already 1500 tons and rose to 8000 tons by 1991. In 1993 the production was 10,000 and in 2001 about 40,000 tons.
swell
literature
- Schwarze / Engels / Matteck: "Holzzersetzende Pilze in Trees", 1st edition 1999, Rombach Verlag, ISBN 3-7930-9194-5 , pp. 173-177
- Werner Rothmaler: Excursion flora for Germany. Volume 1: Lower Plants . 3. Edition. Fischer, Jena 1994, ISBN 978-3-334-60827-2 , pp. 350 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms, 4th edition with CD . Black Forest mushroom teaching show, Hornberg. 2007. ISSN 0932-920X .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: Dataset of the rattle sponge . On: Fungi Taxa Database on FungiWorld.com . Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ↑ Rita Lüder: Basic course mushroom determination. A practical guide for beginners and advanced users . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01341-1 , p. 339 .
- ↑ Maitake. drugs.com, accessed November 19, 2008 .
- ↑ M. Mayell: Maitake extracts and their therapeutic potential . In: Alternative Medicine Review . tape 6 , no. 1 , February 2001, p. 18-60 (English, PMID 11207456 ).
