Manniella
| Manniella | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the sub-tribus | ||||||||||||
| Manniellinae | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Manniella | ||||||||||||
| Rchb.f. |
Manniella is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). The two species come from tropical West Africa. They are small, perennial , herbaceous plants. The genus Manniella forms its own subtribe Manniellinae.
description
The terrestrial plants are among the larger of the Cranichideae . The roots arise in clusters at the base of the shoot. They are fleshy, but rather slender and somewhat hairy. Above ground, the stem axis bears some leaves that are densely packed together to form a rosette. The leaves are long stalked and enclose the stem with the leaf base. There is no separating fabric between the leaf base and the blade. The blade is oval in shape, more or less spotted white on a green background.
The stem axis over the leaves sits as a grape-shaped , hairy, loosely with many flowers occupied inflorescence continued. Between the leaves and flowers, a few bracts sit at intervals on the inflorescence axis, these become smaller towards the top. The flowers are resupinated , they stand obliquely upright and are pink to red-brown in color. The ovary is cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, with only a very short stalk and hardly twisted. The bracts are about as long as the ovary. The sepals have grown together to form a tube, only the tips are free and splayed. The lateral petals lie against the dorsal sepal, but not attached, at the base the petals are clearly narrowed, this narrow piece is fused with the sepal tube and runs down the entire length of the ovary, forming a nectarium with it . The lip is also narrow at the base and fused with the sepal tube. The free blade of the lip is arrow-shaped at the base with two nectar glands pointing backwards. Spread out, the lip of the lip is roughly square to trapezoidal, but in the flower the edges are turned upwards but not clinging to the column . In the center, the lip is fleshy and hairy, the edges are thinner. The column is long, the top of the column is fused with the sepal tube. The free tip is bent into an S-shape, the base of the column forms a short, crooked foot on the ovary. The stamen is broadly oval, slightly bent down towards the column axis, on the upper side with a round elevation, it is completely covered by basket-like, roughly square-shaped tissue of the column (clinandrium) and two lateral staminodes . The two pollinia are oval to club-shaped, with a grainy texture. They are connected to a small, round adhesive disc (Viscidium) via short stalks. The scar consists of an undivided large area. Between the stigma and the stamen lies a flat, bilobed, barely recognizable separating tissue (rostellum).
distribution
The two species of the genus Manniella are distributed in tropical Africa up to an altitude of 1200 meters. Both occur in the shade of moist, evergreen forests.
Systematics and botanical history
The first species to be described was Maniella gustavi in 1881 by Reichenbach , who named the genus in honor of Gustav Mann . Rudolf Schlechter already put it in its own subtribe Maniellinae, which was never questioned by other editors in the following years and has also been confirmed by recent genetic studies. Within the tribe Cranichideae , the two species are quite isolated without close relatives. The second species of the genus, Manniella cypripedioides , was described by Gerardo Salazar in 2002 .
There are two kinds:
- Manniella cypripedioides Salazar, T.Franke, Zapfack & Beenken : It has been found in southwestern Cameroon and the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea .
- Maniella gustavi Rchb.f. : It occurs from tropical West Africa to Tanzania .
Name declaration
The generic name honors the German gardener and botanist Gustav Mann (1836 - 1916).
use
For manniella gustavi a use in their home country is reported as medicine. Manniella is absent in cultivation .
supporting documents
The information in this article comes from:
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 333-334 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 164 ff .
- Gerardo A. Salazar, Mark W. Chase, Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Martin Ingrouille: Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 90 , 2003, p. 777-795 ( amjbot.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Manniella. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 28, 2020.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]