María Luisa Bombal
María Luisa Bombal (born June 8, 1910 in Viña del Mar , Chile , † May 6, 1980 in Santiago de Chile ) was a Chilean writer. She is one of the few women authors in Latin America whose work has received worldwide attention.
Life
María Luisa Bombal was born into a middle-class family with ancestors of French and German descent. Her childhood was to be shaped by the early death of her father Martín Bombal Videla in 1919, which also had a thematic effect on her later literary work, in which the search for an ideal lover, a protective male figure, played a role again and again. Soon afterwards, the mother, Blanca Anthes Precht, went to Paris with her three daughters , where María Luisa received her school education at the Collège Notre Dame de l'Assomption and Sainte Geneviève, among others. At the Institute for Literature of the Sorbonne , she studied literature and philosophy until her return to South America in 1931. In France, she also came into contact with contemporary avant-garde movements such as surrealism and cubism, as well as with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis .
Even after her return home, she immediately re-established contact with the local avant-garde scene; a crucial acquaintance was the one with Pablo Neruda . With him and his first wife María Luisa Bombal moved to Buenos Aires in 1933 , where she stayed until 1940. Allegedly she also wrote her first novel, La última niebla , on the kitchen table in Pablo Neruda's house in Buenos Aires. She also had a close friendship with Jorge Luis Borges .
After an unhappy affair with the sober businessman Eulogio Sánchez Errázuriz, she married the homosexual painter Jorge Larco in Buenos Aires in 1935 - perhaps in a kind of defiant reaction - but with whom she was not happy despite mutual artistic interests and from whom she broke up after two years separated. In 1941 she attempted to murder Eulogio Sánchez in Santiago de Chile , who survived the attack and waived prosecution. With the help of well-known writers who campaigned for her, María Luisa Bombal was released and emigrated to the USA , where she was busy dubbing North American films. Gradually, depression spread and her alcohol problem became more and more obvious.
In 1944 María Luisa Bombal married the Wall Street banker Fal de Saint Phalle y Chabannes in New York ; Their only daughter Brigitte comes from this marriage, with whom she was to have a very problematic relationship throughout her life. Two years after the death of her second husband, María Luisa Bombal moved to Buenos Aires in 1971 to live with her sister Blanca; shortly before Augusto Pinochet came to power , she moved to live with her mother in Viña del Mar in 1973. This last phase of life was marked by economic difficulties and constant health problems. She finally died in Santiago de Chile in 1980.
Prizes and awards
- 1974 Premio Ricardo Latcham (PEN Club de Chile)
- 1977 Premio Academia Chilena de la Lengua
- 1978 Premio Joaquín Edwards Bello
plant
The work of María Luisa Bombal is not entirely undisputed in Chile itself - also for political reasons; She is always accused of showing a certain sympathy for the Pinochet dictatorship in her later years. Also, after her psychological crisis in the 1940s, she could never again achieve the ingenuity that characterized her early work. The poetic quality and the unusual female characters in existential crisis situations are particularly noteworthy. In the context of the thirties of the 20th century , when Criollismo and Mundonovismo with their crude, naturalistic spelling predominated in Chile , María Luisa Bombal's work, which tends towards fantastic literature, is certainly an exception. With Juan Rulfo , she becomes not only because of the narrow The scope of the work is compared, but also because in their story La amortajada is told for the first time in Latin American literature from the perspective of someone who has already been dead, the “woman in a light cloth”.
Complete edition
- (1996), Obras completas (Introducción y recopilación: Lucía Guerra). Barcelona / Buenos Aires / México / Santiago de Chile: Editorial Andrés Bello.
Novels and short stories
- (1935) La última niebla (Prólogo de Amado Alonso ). Buenos Aires: Editorial Colombo. Newer edition: Prólogo de Alfonso Calderón. Ed. Especial. Santiago de Chile: Edit. Universitaria, 1992 (Colección V. Centenario Chile). ( German : the last fog)
- (1938) La amortajada . Buenos Aires: Editorial “Sur”. Newer edition: Santiago de Chile: Edit. Universitaria, 1992 (Col. Los Contemporáneos).
- (1939) El árbol , in: Sur (Buenos Aires), No. 60 (Sept.), pp. 20-30.
- (1939) Las islas nuevas , in: Sur (Buenos Aires), No. 53 (February), pp. 13-34. ( German : The New Islands )
- (1940) Mar, cielo y tierra , in: Saber vivir (Buenos Aires), No. 1 (August), pp. 34-35.
- (1946) La historia de María Griselda , in: Norte No. 10 (August), pp. 34-35; 48-54. Newer edition: (Presentación de Sara Vial). 2ª ed., Valparaíso: Ediciones Universitarias, 1977.
- (1960) La maja y el ruiseñor , in: Revista Viña del Mar , No. 7 (January), pp. 8-12.
German edition
- The new islands . Stories. Translated from Spanish and with an afterword by Thomas Brons. Frankfurt a. M./Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, 1986. ISBN 3-548-30184-3
literature
- Agosín, Marjorie: Las desterradas del paraíso. Protagonistas en la narrativa de María Luisa Bombal . New York: Senda Nueva de Ediciones, 1983. (Spanish)
- Agosín, Marjorie / Elena Gascón-Vera / Joy Renjilian-Burgy (eds.): María Luisa Bombal. Apreciaciones críticas . Tempe (Arizona): Bilingual Press, 1987. (Spanish)
- Guerra-Cunningham, Lucía: La narrativa de María Luisa Bombal: Una visión de la existencia femenina . Madrid: Playor, 1980. (Spanish)
- Koski, Linda Irene: Women's Experience in the Novels of Four Modern Chilean Writers: Marta Brunet, María Luisa Bombal, Mercedes Valdivieso, and Isabel Allende . Stanford University, 1989. (English)
- Pfeiffer, Erna: Territory of women: body experience as a cognitive process in texts by contemporary Latin American authors . Frankfurt a. M .: Vervuert, 1998. ISBN 3-89354-098-9
See also
Web links
- Literature by and about María Luisa Bombal in the catalog of the German National Library
- El Poder de la Palabra (Spanish)
- letras.s5.com (Spanish)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bombal, María Luisa |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Chilean writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 8, 1910 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Viña del Mar , Chile |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 6, 1980 |
| Place of death | Santiago de Chile |