Marcel Broodthaers

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Marcel Broodthaers (born January 28, 1924 in Saint-Gilles / Sint-Gillis , Brussels , † January 28, 1976 in Cologne ) was a Belgian artist .

life and work

According to his own statement, Broodthaers met René Magritte as a young author and poet at the end of the Second World War and made contact with the group of Belgian Surrealists (Groupe Surréaliste révolutionaire). In 1945 Broodthaers went public with his first poems in the tradition of symbolism and surrealism . In 1947 he signed the manifesto “Pas de quartiers dans la révolution”, written by surrealists. In 1957 a volume of poetry was published. In the same year he made his first film, "La Clef de l'Horloge - Un poème cinématographique en l'honneur de Kurt Schwitters ". Broodthaers worked as an author of poems and essays until the early 1960s. a. in Paris who, coming from the aesthetic positions of Rimbaud and Mallarmé , update them and think further. At the same time, he made contact with representatives of the “ Nouveau Réalisme ”, but went his own way towards them.

In 1964 he decided to be an artist and made his first exhibition with objects made from mussels and eggshells. His gesture of transforming volumes of his poetry volume “Pense Bête” into a sculpture in 1964 by covering them with plaster and making them illegible is famous. For Marcel Broodthaers, museum operations , the art market and contemporary art theories were also the subject of his artistic work. At the same time, in a further development of the work of his compatriot René Magritte, he questioned the contradictions between word and image, but at an early stage crossed the boundaries of painting by creating installations, sculptures, artist books, photographs and films. Working out his questioning of the social role of the museum, he founded a “Museum of Modern Art” in his Brussels apartment in 1968 and dedicated a number of large installations to it in the form of various museum sections. In this way, he created diverse, critically reflected and poetically complex works. Magritte's famous painting “This is not a pipe” (“Ceci n'est pas une pipe”), for example, finds a critical reversal in the humorous dictum “This is not a work of art” (1972), which describes each individual object in one of his installations . Broodthaers' work is in many ways considered to be groundbreaking for the development of the visual arts in the 1980s and 1990s. He set standards for an art that reflects its institutional and economic references and questions the claim of sovereign independence of art and redefines it again and again. Marcel Broodthaers: "Il resterait alors à savoir si l'art existe ailleurs que sur un plan négatif." ("It remains to be known whether art exists other than negative.")

Marcel Broodthaers settled in Düsseldorf in 1970 , moved to London and, after a DAAD stay in Berlin, finally to Cologne , where he died in 1976.

The Fridericianum dedicated a retrospective to him on the 60th birthday of documenta in 2015 .

Works (selection)

  • 1957: La Clef de l'Horloge - Un poème cinématographique en l'honneur de Kurt Schwitters, film
  • 1968 to 1972: Musée d'Art Moderne, Département des Aigles

Publications / artist books (selection)

  • 1957 Mon Livre d'Orgre
  • 1961 La bete noire
  • 1960 Minuit: poème
  • 1964 Pense-Bete
  • 1966 Moules oeufs fries pots charbon perroquets
  • 1967 Le Courbeau et le Renard.
  • 1967–1973 Amuser or Le plus beau tableau du monde.
  • 1969 Vingt ans après
  • 1969 Un coup de dés jamais n'abolira le hasard
  • 1972 Plan vert. La porte est ouverte
  • 1972 MTL 18/5/72 - 17/6/72 (Tractatus logico-catalogicus ou l'art de vendre)
  • 1973 Jeter du Poisson sur le Marché de Cologne
  • 1973 Charles Baudelaire. Je hais le mouvement qui déplace les lignes
  • 1974 C'était comme une semaine de bonté
  • 1974 Magic: art et politique
  • 1974 A Voyage on the North Sea
  • 1975 En lisant la Lorelei
  • 1975 La conquête de l'espace. Atlas à l'usages des artistes et des militaires

Exhibitions (selection)

  • 1964 Saint Laurent Gallery, Brussels
  • 1966 Wide White Space Gallery , Antwerp (cat.)
  • 1967 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (cat.)
  • 1968 Wide White Space, Antwerp
  • 1968 Rudolf Zwirner Gallery, Cologne
  • 1968 Musée d´Art Moderne, Departement des Aigles, Brussels
  • 1968 Librairie Saint-Germain des Prés, Paris
  • 1970 Municipal Art Hall, Düsseldorf
  • 1970 MTL Gallery, Brussels (cat.)
  • 1971 Musée d'Art Moderne, Département des Aigles, Section Cinéma, Burgplatz 12, Düsseldorf
  • 1971 Municipal Museum , Mönchengladbach (cat.)
  • 1972 Municipal Art Gallery, Düsseldorf
  • 1972 Wide White Space Gallery, Antwerp
  • 1972 documenta 5 , Kassel (cat.)
  • 1972 Amsterdam-Paris-Düsseldorf, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (cat.)
  • 1974 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (cat.)
  • 1974 Kunstmuseum Basel (cat.)
  • 1975 National Gallery, Berlin (cat.)
  • Museum of Modern Art, Oxford (cat.)
  • ICA, London
  • L´Angelus de Daumier, Center national d´art contemporain, Hôtel Rothschild, Paris (cat.)

Exhibitions posthumously (selection)

  • 1977 documenta 6 , Kassel
  • 1980 Tate Gallery, London (cat.)
  • Wallraf Richartz Museum / Museum Ludwig, Cologne (cat.)
  • 1981 Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam (cat.)
  • 1982 Kunsthalle Bern, Bern (cat.)
  • Moderna Museet, Stockholm (cat.)
  • documenta 7 , Kassel (cat.)
  • 1984 L'Entrée de l'exposition, Galerie Michael Werner , Cologne (cat.)
  • 1989 Walker Art Center, Minneapolis / The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles / The Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh (cat.)
  • The Complete Plaques, Mary Boone Gallery, New York
  • 1991 Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris / Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid (cat.)
  • Center genevois de gravure contemporaine, Geneva (cat.)
  • 1992 Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (cat.)
  • 1995 Marcel Broodhaers: Musée d'Art Moderne, Département des Aigles, Section Publicité, Marian Goodman Gallery, New York (cat.)
  • 1997–1998 Marcel Broodthaers: Cinéma, Fundació Antoni Tapies; Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela; Kunsthalle Düsseldorf; Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin (cat.)
  • Documenta X , Kassel (cat.)
  • 2001 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels
  • 2003 Marcel Broodthaers. Po (li) etique, Kunsthalle Wien (cat.)
  • 2010 Less is more. Pictures objects, concepts from the collection and archive of Herman and Nicole Daled 1966-1978 , group exhibition, Haus der Kunst, Munich (catalog with texts by Benjamin HD Buchloh and Birgit Pelze)
  • 2012 "First Avenue: One-Way Street", group exhibition, Museu Serralves , Porto
  • 2014 "Moules, Oeufs, Frites ...", The Ridder, A House for Contemporary Art, Maastricht
  • 2015 "Marcel Broodthaers", Fridericianum , Kassel
  • 2017 "Marcel Broodthaers. A Retrospective" K21, Düsseldorf

literature

  • Buchloh, Benjamin (Ed.): Marcel Broodthaers. Writings, Interviews, Photographs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London 1988.
  • Borgemeister, Rainer: Marcel Broodthaers traversant. Attempt of a work monograph, Bochum 1996.
  • Dickhoff, Wilfried (Eds.), Marcel Broodthaers. Interviews & Dialogues 1946–1976, Cologne 1994.
  • Dickhoff, Wilfried (Eds.), Marcel Broodthaers, Tinaia Box No. 9, Cologne 1994.
  • Folie, Sabine, Mackert, Gabriele (Eds.), Marcel Broodthaers. Po (li) etique, Kunsthalle Wien (cat.) 2003.
  • Hakkens, Anna (eds.), Marcel Broodthaers par lui-même, Gent 1999.
  • Rosalind Krauss , A Voyage on the North Sea, Zurich / Berlin: diaphanes, 2008, ISBN 978-3-03734-003-5 .
  • König, Susanne, Marcel Broodthaers. Musée d'Art Moderne, Département des Aigles, Berlin 2012.
  • Moure, Gloria (Eds.), Marcel Broodthaers. Collected Writings, Barcelona: Ediciones Poligrafa, 2012.
  • Zwirner, Dorothea, Marcel Broodthaers, Cologne 1997.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Marcel Broodthaers: The hidden gap between art and meaning , review in Deutschlandradio Kultur from July 17, 2015 on the exhibition from July 17 to October 11, 2015 in the Fridericianum
  2. ↑ As ugly as possible in FAZ from August 30, 2016, page 12
personal data
SURNAME Broodthaers, Marcel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belgian artist
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1924
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Gilles / Sint-Gillis , Brussels
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1976
Place of death Cologne