Mariannenaue
| Mariannenaue previously from 1800 to 1902 Westfälische Aue |
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| Waters | Rhine ( Upper Rhine ) | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 0 ′ 41 " N , 8 ° 4 ′ 42" E | |
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| length | 3.3 km | |
| width | 300 m | |
| surface | 68.515 ha | |
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The Mariannenaue (from 1800 to 1902: Westfälische Aue ) is an inland island in the Rhine .
Geographical location
The Mariannenaue belongs partly to the Erbach district and partly to the Hattenheim district of the city of Eltville am Rhein . With an area of 68.515 hectares, it exceeds the size of the Mainau island in Lake Constance . It begins at the level of Erbach and Heidenfahrt and extends over a length of 3.3 kilometers to Hattenheim. If you include the flow control units , which start at the Eltville swimming pool and extend to Oestrich-Winkel (river kilometers 512.04 to 517.35), the length of the island is over 5.3 kilometers. It lies between the Kleine Giess in the north with the main fairway and the Great Giess in the south. At its widest point, the island is 300 meters wide. The island and still water zones together with the tail units have a maximum width of 560 meters.
history
The island consists of two parts that were originally separated by an arm of the Rhine. Both emerged around 10,000 years ago from alluvial limestone that the Rhine had brought here from the Alps. Both islands were connected to each other in the 18th century by landings . The seam can be recognized by a depression that runs diagonally across the island from the Große Gieß to the small Gieß and is lined with alluvial forest.
The eastern Rheinaue, only 30 acres in size, had always belonged to the knight's seat , in the place of which Reinhartshausen Castle was later built . On top of it stood a small house with a stable. The much larger island to the west was called Hattenheimer Aue and had been in the possession of Langwerth von Simmern since 1464 , which Count Palatine Ludwig von Zweibrücken as Count von Veldenz , opposite the Hattenheimer Mannwerk , branded with an "auwe inn dem Ryne ... in ingelheymer" “Had borrowed. The floodplain fell under the court of knights in Ingelheim , but was added to the Rheingau in the 18th century after long trials. In the French period from 1793 to 1814 it was also included in the Rheingau, so it did not belong to the left bank of the Rhine . Heinrich Langwerth von Simmern , the family historian, believes that this meadow is identical to the one on which Emperor Ludwig the Pious died in 840 "across from Ingelheim". Your earlier affiliation to the Ingelheimer district (see also: Ingelheimer Grund ) speaks for the correctness of this assumption.
When Count Clemens August von Westphalen acquired Reinhartshausen and the eastern part of the island that belonged to it in 1800, he also bought the western part of the island, the Hattenheimer Aue, gave the entire meadow the name Westfälische Aue and created a landscaped park on it, optically oriented towards Reinhartshausen Castle.
The island has been named Mariannenaue since 1902 after Princess Marianne von Oranien-Nassau , who acquired Reinhartshausen Castle in 1855 and lived there until her death in 1883.
nature
The Mariannenaue nature reserve has existed since November 20, 1972 . It also includes the longitudinal works on both sides of the island and the still water zones enclosed by them and has an area of 196 hectares. The island has been a European nature reserve and FFH area since 1974 . The island is a breeding ground for cormorants , gray herons and black kites and serves as a resting and wintering place for numerous migratory birds . The island is also home to a rare species of beaver . There are trees up to 400 years old in the alluvial forests.
wine growing
The island is used for agriculture by Reinhartshausen Castle . An estate serving the management is there. Viticulture is carried out on an area of 23 hectares , divided between the Erbacher Rheinhell and Hattenheimer Rheingarten sites . The Chardonnay grape variety thrives particularly well on the calcareous soil and benefited by the climatic characteristics of the island location with 3 to 4 weeks of vegetation advantage .
The water that surrounds the island and practically never freezes in the current of the large and small Gieß has a strong balancing effect on temperature fluctuations and temperature extremes. For example, it is not to be expected that ice wine can be harvested on the island , as the Rhine softens the frost. Heat waves are also mitigated. At the same time, the above-average humidity for the Rheingau must be observed when cultivating the vines in order to prevent diseases and pest infestation. Furthermore, because of the abundant groundwater, a summer with little rain does not have the usual adverse effects on quality and harvest volume that can be expected from drought.
traffic
Between the island and the right bank of the Rhine, Schloss Reinhartshausen maintains a passenger ferry with the former pilot boat Preussens Gloria , which on the one hand serves to transport the island's farm workers, but on the other hand is also used to ferry visitors who take part in an island tour. If necessary, a ferry can be attached to the boat , especially to cross over agricultural vehicles and the grape harvest in autumn.
With the exception of residents and farm staff, access to the island is only permitted for guided visitor groups. Entering the island and the surrounding flow stabilizers and landings is otherwise prohibited all year round. Driving on the still waters is only permitted from April 1st to September 20th and only within a marked zone.
literature
- Erbach in the Rheingau. Architectural monuments and history. By Werner Kratz, revised by Leopold Bausinger, ed. by the municipality of Erbach / Rheingau, 2nd edition, printed by Meier OHG Rüdesheim am Rhein, 1970
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Nature Reserve Traffic Ordinance
- ↑ Ordinance of the Darmstadt regional council on the nature reserve of February 12, 1992 (StAnz. P. 690) PDF file 1.22 MB
- ↑ Management plan for the FFH area 5914-350 Mariannenaue PDF file 2.28 MB
- ↑ Mariannenaue at wein.de
- ↑ BGBl. 2018 I p. 886
