Erbach (Rheingau)

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Erbach
Coat of arms of Erbach
Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 13 ″  N , 8 ° 5 ′ 43 ″  E
Height : 91 m above sea level NHN
Area : 12.69 km²
Residents : 3329  (December 31, 2015)
Population density : 262 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 65346
Area code : 06123
Erbach am Rhein with the Rheininsel Mariannenaue, which is part of the Reinhartshausen Castle as a nature reserve
Erbach on the Rhine with the Rhine island Mariannenaue that as a nature reserve for Schloss Reinhartshausen belongs
View over Erbach im Rheingau with the catholic parish church Sankt Markus to the Rheingau mountains in the Taunus
Erbach on August 12, 1953
Parish Church of St. Mark
Ev. Johanneskirche
Town hall in Erbach
The Erbacher Marcobunnen

Erbach (Rheingau) is a district of the sparkling wine, wine and rose town Eltville am Rhein in the Rheingau-Taunus district in Hesse . With around 3,600 inhabitants, Erbach is the second largest district after the core city.

Geographical location

Erbach is the middle of the three Eltville districts on the Rhine and lies between Hattenheim in the west and the core town of Eltville in the east. The place developed on the old street leading in east-west direction through the Rheingau . The town center is at a height of 86 meters.

The Erbacher district stretches as a strip of about 2,000 to 500 meters wide from the Rhine, whereby part of the Mariannenaue is also included in the district, more than eight kilometers over the Eichberg and the Erbacher Kopf to the edge of the forest at Hausen vor der Höhe . In addition, there were two exclaves three kilometers further north-west, the Erbacher Forsthaus in the Niedergladbacher Wald and to the west of it a parcel in the hinterland forest of around 100 hectares, namely the forests in the lower Braubachtal , a right side valley of the Ernstbach .

history

The original name Eberbach , documented since the 11th century , was later merged. It can still be found today in the name of Eberbach Monastery . Erbach belonged to the Kurmainzian territory of the Archdiocese of Mainz as early as the Middle Ages, along with the entire Rheingau . A number of noble families and followers of the Elector of Mainz owned estates and estates here, including the Barons Langwerth von Simmern and the Barons zu Knyphausen .

After the dissolution of the Electoral state Erbach 1,803 went to Nassau-Usingen and belonged to the time of the Duchy of Nassau for Office Eltville . After the annexation of the duchy by Prussia , the place was assigned to the Rheingau district in the Wiesbaden administrative region in 1867 .

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Erbach (Rheingau) was incorporated into the city of Eltville on January 1, 1977 with other municipalities by virtue of state law . For Erbach, as for the core city and the other parts of the city, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was established. The boundaries of the local districts follow the previous district boundaries.

economy

Erbach is one of the well-known wine-growing areas in the Rheingau . The Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Eichberg is located between the road to Eberbach Monastery and the edge of the forest in the Erbach district and can therefore be considered the largest employer in the district. Other important employers in addition to the winegrowing companies and gastronomy are two senior citizens' homes and nursing homes. Some commercial businesses are not far from the Protestant parish church. The children's and youth village Bethanien on the Marienhöhe also belongs to Erbach .

traffic

Although Erbach is located near the banks of the Rhine, it has been separated from it since the late 1950s by the expansion of federal highway 42 as a bypass. Erbach can be reached via three junctions from the main road. Since 1989 this has been connected to the federal highway 66 in four lanes, bypassing Eltville and Walluf . With Kiedrich Lauterbach is on the local road and the highway K638 L3320 (East) connected. In a westerly direction, the L3320 continues to Eichberg and to Eberbach Monastery.

Erbach is a stopping point for regional trains on the right Rhine route between Wiesbaden and Koblenz . At the train station, the K638 crosses the railway line with a barred level crossing .

Attractions

At the western entrance to the village are the Schloss Reinhartshausen winery and hotel with a publicly accessible castle park and the Catholic parish church of St. Markus . The church was built in the 15th century, expanded in the 18th century, the nave roof renewed in 1902–1903 and the spire of the tower added; Architect Ludwig Hofmann. In the east of Erbach Marianne von Oranien-Nassau , born Princess of the Netherlands and divorced Princess of Prussia (1830-1883) left the neo-Gothic in 1861 in memory of her son Johann Wilhelm von Reinhartshausen (1849-1861) who died at the age of 12 Build Johanneskirche . It is the oldest Protestant church in the upper Rheingau and was inaugurated in 1865. Marianne's son was buried in the crypt.

Erbacher vineyards

Viticulture in Erbach has been documented since the Middle Ages. With 269 hectares of vineyards, viticulture in Erbach takes up most of the agriculturally usable area. The Erbacher district is part of the major location Honigberg .

Best-known location is the 6.7 hectares large Erbacher Marcobrunn , located between Erbach and Hattenheim above the old national road around the building designed as a classical fountain version. The site is planted exclusively with Riesling and divided among a few well-known wineries, including the Hessian state wineries , Reinhartshausen Castle , Langwerth von Simmern , Freiherr zu Knyphausen and Schönborn Castle , Maximilianshof winery (Christoph Ritter and Edler von Oetinger family) and Detlev Ritter and winery Edler von Oetinger (owner: Achim von Oetinger). The location regularly produces high-quality predicate wines , which, as rarities, achieve top prices at top wine auctions. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe counted the Marcobrunner to the magnates , the top wines, which do not know any ranking disputes among themselves. Incidentally, Goethe was with the Frankfurt nobleman Charlotte Edler von Oetinger, born in his epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), who was honored by him as a literary model . von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (1756–1823), the wife of Eberhard Christoph Ritter and Edlem von Oetinger (1743–1805) and ancestor of today's winery owners, Ritter und Edlen von Oetinger, related and close friends.

The Siegelsberg and Schlossberg sites adjoin the Marcobrunn . To the west and east of the road to Eberbach Monastery are the Hohenrain and Steinmorgen sites near the village . Further away is the Michelmark and below the edge of the forest you can find the largest single layer, Honigberg, in terms of area.

A special feature is the location Erbacher Rheinhell on the 68.5 hectare Rhine island Mariannenaue . It is the largest of the two vineyards on the 23 hectare cultivation area on the Rhine island. It is owned solely by the Schloss Reinhartshausen winery . The Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc grape varieties , which are otherwise not grown in the Rheingau, thrive here due to the microclimate that is shaped by the surrounding water bodies and on the sand, gravel and loamy soils .

Personalities

In alphabetic order

Regular events

The Erbacher Erdbeerfest has been taking place on the third weekend in June since 1935.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erbach, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ 3429 population figures according to Eltville's registration office , accessed in June 2019
  3. ↑ a b Hessian Land Surveying Office: District map 1: 50,000 Wiesbaden Rheingaukreis Untertaunuskreis, edition 1969.
  4. ↑ See list of mountains and elevations of the Taunus
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Rheingau district and the Untertaunus district (GVBl. II 330-30) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 312 , § 8 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  6. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 70 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Eltville, accessed February 2019 .
  7. ↑ Cf. Reinhard Breymayer : Prelate Oetinger's nephew Eberhard Christoph v. Oetinger, in Stuttgart Freemason and Superior of the Illuminati , in Wetzlar a judge at the Imperial Court of Justice - was his wife, Charlotte, nee, related to Goethe. v. Barckhaus, a role model for Werther's "Fräulein von B .."? 2nd, improved edition. Heck , Dußlingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-924249-49-6 , especially p. 41 and 63-64 on Erbach im Rheingau; Reinhard Breymayer: Goethe, Oetinger and no end. Charlotte Edle von Oetinger, née von Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten, as Werther "Fräulein von B .." Heck, Dusslingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-924249-54-0 .
  8. ^ Galli Theater

Web links

Commons : Erbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files