Marietta gravel

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Marietta Kies (born December 31, 1853 in Killingly , Connecticut; died July 20, 1899 in Pueblo , Colorado) was an American philosopher and educator who belonged to the American idealists . After May Preston Slosson (1858–1943) she was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. in philosophy and taught full-time at a university.

Life

Marietta Kies was born in Killingly, Connecticut, the second of five daughters to Miranda Young and William Knight Kies. For a woman of the time she received a very good education and earned a Bachelor of the Mount Holyoke Seminary (1881), where she from 1881 to 1882 and, after teaching at Colorado College (1882-85), again from 1885 to 1891 philosophy of the spirit and moral philosophy . Kies belonged to the American idealists, a philosophical movement also known as the St. Louis- Hegelians, as it began in St. Louis in the 1860s, after the first translations and interpretations of German philosophers such as Hegel , Fichte, and Schelling had appeared. In the mid-1880s she studied for the first time with William Torrey Harris at the Concord Summer School of Philosophy in Massachusetts. During this time she edited Harris' lectures and essays on epistemology and metaphysics under the title An Introduction to the Study of Philosophy (1889). Then she went on the recommendation of Harris to study at the University of Michigan , where she studied under George Sylvester Morris , Henry Carter Adams and John Dewey , the Master in 1889 and in 1891 - with a dissertation on The Ethical Principle: and its Application in the State Relations - her Ph.D. acquired.

In 1891–92, Kies was recruited from Mills College in Oakland, California to succeed President Susan Tormann Mills . However, she was dissatisfied with her teaching methods and fired her. Since it was proving difficult to find a job as a college-level teacher, Kies, as was not unusual among academics of her time, went to Europe to study. She spent the academic year 1892-93 in Leipzig and Zurich until she took the position of high school director in Plymouth , Massachusetts, and finally from 1896 to 1899 taught philosophy at Butler University in Indiana.

Kies died of tuberculosis on July 20, 1899 at the age of only 45 in Pueblo, Colorado .

Works

With The Ethical Principle (1892), her doctoral thesis, and Institutional Ethics (1894), Marietta Kies published two independent works of political philosophy in which she contrasts "justice" or egoism with "grace" or altruism and suggests, how these could complement each other in society. The second book was essentially a rewrite of the first, but with some important additions about school, family, justice, and the role of the church in society. According to Kies, both justice and grace have a place in economic and political decision-making processes, but grace should be more central and be enforced by the state. As a Christian Socialist, Kies was an early proponent of welfare programs aimed at combating poverty.

Kies was not a strong advocate of women's rights , but she also touched on women's issues in her work . She updated Hegel's view of the family by asserting the individuality of women within the household - a place where for Hegel unity, not individuality, is paramount. Since women were already more involved in public in the late 19th century, Kies saw no need for women to remain private and subjective creatures, fully engaged in the role of wives and mothers. However, Kies also saw no need to fully involve women in political life. They should only have the right to vote in areas that they believe directly affect them (e.g. education, public health and labor law).

Monographs

The Ethical Principle and its Application to State Relations . Island Press / Register Pub. Co., Ann Arbor 1892 (also Ph. D. thesis, University of Michigan 1891).

Institutional Ethics. Allyn & Bacon, Boston 1894.

Editing

William Torrey Harris: Introduction to the Study of Philosophy . D. Appleton & Co, New York 1890.

literature

  • Dorothy G. Rogers: America's First Women Philosophers. Transplanting Hegel, 1860-1925 . (= Bloomsbury Studies in American Philosophy). Continuum, London / New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-8264-7475-9 , chap. 6 "Marietta Kies: private virtue in public life".
  • Dorothy Rogers: KIES, Marietta (1853-99) . In: John R. Shook (Ed.): Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers . Thoemmes, Bristol 2005, ISBN 1-84972-358-3 , pp. 1298-1300.
  • Dorothy G. Rogers: Before "Care": Marietta Kies, Lucia Ames Mead, and Feminist Political Theory . In: Hypatia 19/2 (2004), pp. 105-117.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Dorothy G. Rogers: America's First Women Philosophers: Transplanting Hegel, 1860-1925 (=  Bloomsbury Studies in American Philosophy ). Continuum, London / New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-8264-7475-9 , pp. 17 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Dorothy Rogers: KIES, Marietta (1853–99) . In: John R. Shook (Ed.): Dictionary Of Modern American Philosophers . Thoemmes, Bristol 2005, ISBN 1-84972-358-3 , pp. 1298-1300, here p. 1298 .
  3. ^ Dorothy G. Rogers: America's First Women Philosophers. Transplanting Hegel, 1860-1925. (=  Bloomsbury Studies in American Philosophy ). Continuum, London / New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-8264-7475-9 , pp. 141 .
  4. ^ A b Dorothy Rogers: KIES, Marietta (1853-99) . In: John R. Shook (Ed.): Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers . Thoemmes, Bristol 2005, ISBN 1-84972-358-3 , pp. 1298-1300, here p. 1299 .
  5. ↑ Dorothy Rogers: GRAVEL, Marietta (1853-99) . In: John R. Shook (Ed.): Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers . Thoemmes, Bristol 2005, ISBN 1-84972-358-3 , pp. 1298-1300, here p. 1300 .
personal data
SURNAME Kies, Marietta
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH December 31, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Killingly , Connecticut
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1899
Place of death Pueblo , Colorado