Marine coast station Marienlicht

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Marine coast station Marienlicht

The naval coast station Marienuchter is a reconnaissance facility of the German Navy , which was used especially during the Cold War to locate submarines and other sea vehicles in the Baltic Sea and to eavesdrop on military communications. The station is located in Marienuchter at the northern tip of Fehmarn on the Fehmarnbelt . It is therefore on the connection from the eastern Baltic Sea to the Bay of Kiel and the North Sea .

history

Use until 1945

The name "Marienuchte" goes back to the Danish Queen Marie-Sophie . It gave its name to the lighthouse built in 1832 by the Danish Navy Administration. In 1864 the island of Fehmarn came under German administration and in 1871 to the German Empire, but the name remained.

The navy recognized the geostrategically favorable location at the narrowest point of the Fehmarnbelt, which is 20 km wide there, as early as 1908. This emerges from a lease from the state archive in Schleswig . On the site of the current barracks, a naval message center and naval signal center of the Imperial Navy manned by four soldiers was set up. Even then, the task was to monitor the Fehmarnbelt and forward information. This was purely optical sea reconnaissance.

During the time of the Reichsmarine , the naval signaling point was led by a "district sergeant" as civilian chief. Signaling personnel were also trained here during this time. During the Second World War , a Wehrmacht flak position was also set up on the site .

Federal Navy

Shortly after the rearmament , the new German Navy used the station again. First of all, a temporary naval signal point was put into operation in 1957. The military crew was initially quartered in a nearby inn and was supplied from there. In the years 1961 to 1962, the building infrastructure was created, as it essentially still exists today. Service rooms, accommodation, a car area and economic and social buildings were built and initially made available to the coastal radar organization. It was not until 1968 that a special reconnaissance unit moved with the naval telecommunication train 736 of naval telecommunication section 7 from Staberhuk on the south side of the island to Marienuchter.

In the basement of the service and accommodation building, military radio and radar signals, mainly from the GDR and the Soviet Union, were recorded around the clock by five guards until the end of the Cold War . The results of the evaluation were forwarded to the station in Neustadt via dedicated lines.

Up until the 1980s, the station had a naval signal point, a naval underwater locating point (both belonging to naval telecommunications group 53 ( Neustadt in Holstein )) and the Marienlicht branch of the naval telecommunications sector 73 (Neustadt / Holstein), all of which were subordinate to the naval command service. The telecommunications reconnaissance of the marine telecommunications sector 73 was also housed in the basement of the station. The staff of the subdivision for radio communication was withdrawn after the recording of Marienlicht stopped.

Today's tasks

Lighthouse Marienlicht near the station

In 1987 it was planned to move the station to the Klingenberg, two kilometers as the crow flies from the old station and 16 meters above sea level. A completely new reconnaissance station was to be built there, but this became superfluous after the reunification of Germany . Today the station is subordinated to the telecommunications area 91 of the armed forces base as an electronic registration point Marienlicht .

The marine underwater location station has been subordinate to the submarine training center since 2006 . It was built in the 1960s with the "wooden eye" surveillance system in Marienuchter. This system mainly consisted of underwater acoustic devices. The function of the facility has been severely restricted since its inception by the ferry service on the route from Puttgarden to Rødby . In addition to the American Miss Beta system , a new system was built in the 1990s to replace the "wooden eye". In 1991, after the necessary reconstruction in the buildings, the large abalone was installed. This sensor, the core of which are three sensors laid under the Fehmarnbelt shipping lane in the immediate vicinity of buoy KO 8, has been put into operation as a "national detection system".

On January 13, 1993, the passive sonar system DWQX-12 was introduced in Marienuchter and since then has enabled extensive recording and analysis in the noise as well as in the sonar and UT sector. The high bearing accuracy, in particular, enables the precise assignment of vessels using the radar and optronic sensors. The system was financed by NATO and made it possible to detect and classify vehicles over relatively long distances.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Records of the Defense History Training Center of the Mürwik Naval School
  2. ↑ a b Torsten Busch: 100 Years of the Maritime Coast Station Marienlicht. GlobalDefence.net, December 27, 2010, archived from the original on April 6, 2015 ; accessed on January 25, 2017 (from Marineforum 7 / 8-2008, p. 41 ff.).

Coordinates: 54 ° 29 ′ 38.2 "  N , 11 ° 14 ′ 26.4"  E