Mark (ship, 1893)
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The steamer Mark served the North German Lloyd (NDL) from 1894 to 1902 in the liner service from Bremen to South America.
Sold in 1902 to the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie ( DOAL ), it first drove there under the name Markgraf on the imperial post steamer line “Around Africa” and from 1909 on its branch lines across the Indian Ocean.
When war broke out, he had taken refuge in Tanga and was shot down by British warships there on August 19, 1915.
In the service of the NDL
The Mark was built in Newcastle-upon-Tyne at the Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. shipyard for North German Lloyd as an enlarged replica of the steamer Roland . The NDL traded in its old steamer Frankfurt (2582 BRT, 1869) for part of the cost of the mark and its sister ship Pfalz , which was also commissioned . The mark was launched on September 28, 1893 and delivered on December 30. The two-masted single-chimney steamer made a top speed of up to 13 knots. It offered space for 100 passengers in first class and 760 passengers in the tween deck .
At that time, old Strasbourg- class steamers were still being used to South America , of which the Salier sank off the northern Spanish coast in 1896 without survivors. This accident with its 280 deaths was the most serious of the NDL to date. In addition to the old ships, the ships of the city class were often used on their maiden voyages to South America from 1889 to 1891. However, the people in charge of the NDL thought they were too big and complex for this route.
Already on October 27, 1893, the Mark's sister ship , the Pfalz , had embarked on the first South American voyage of a Lloyd steamer directly in Bremen, which larger steamers could now approach due to the Weser correction .
On January 11, 1894, the Mark began its maiden voyage from Bremen to the Río de la Plata ( Montevideo and Buenos Aires ). She remained in the South American service of the NDL, which from 1894 was still supported by the first double screw steamer of the NDL, the HH Meier (5481 BRT, 1892), the Blohm & Voss sisters Wittekind and Willehad , the four built for this service in Germany Steamers of the Crefeld class (3975 BRT, 1895) and the three twin screw steamers of the Coblenz class that followed from 1897 were strengthened and modernized.
Service with the German East Africa Line
On July 15, 1902, the DOAL (via Woermann? ) Acquired the mark and, after renaming it to Markgraf, used it in the “All-round Africa Service”. It was now measured at 3680 GRT and only offered space for 34 first class passengers. In July 1909 it was transferred to the Durban - Bombay line and ran from August 1909 to March 1910 on pilgrimage from Bombay to Jeddah . From April 1910 she ran again across the Indian Ocean on the line from Durban to Bombay.
When the war began, she was at sea, coming from India. The coastal steamer Hedwig ran towards the margrave to inform the crew about the situation. On August 6, 1914, Captain Schade decided to call at Tanga , not Dar es Salaam , with a load of rice and 600 tons of coal from Bombay .
On August 19, 1915, she was shot in the roadstead of Tanga by the cruiser HMS Hyacinth and the gunboats HMS Mersey and HMS Severn and sank in shallow water. The wreck was only removed after 1950.
literature
- Noel RP Bonsor: North Atlantic Seaway. Volume 2, p. 557.
- Carl Herbert: War voyages of German merchant ships. Broschek & Co, Hamburg 1934.
- Arnold Kludas : The ships of the German Africa Lines 1880 to 1945. Verlag Gerhard Stalling, 1975, ISBN 3-7979-1867-4 .
- Arnold Kludas: The history of the German passenger shipping 1850 to 1990. Ernst Kabel Verlag, 1986.
- Arnold Kludas: The ships of the North German Lloyd 1857 to 1919. Koehler's publishing company, 1991, ISBN 3-7822-0524-3 .
Individual evidence
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↑ Hedwig , 571 BRT, 8.5 kn, built near Stülcken in 1913,
August 1914 in Tanga in July 1915 in the Rufidjidelta near the SMS Königsberg , with their loading gear still intact 10.5 cm guns were recovered and sunk there in October. - ^ English description of the attack and the wreck and picture of the wreck of the Margrave