Marsuinul (submarine)

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Marsuinul
NMS Marsuinul in the Black Sea in 1944
NMS Marsuinul in the Black Sea in 1944
Ship data
Ship type Submarine
Shipyard Santieri Galati, Galați / Romania
Ship dimensions and crew
length
58.00 m ( Lüa )
width 5.60 m
Draft Max. 3.60 m
displacement over water: 620 ts
 
crew 45
Machine system
machine 2 x MAN - diesel engines
2 x electric motors
Machine
performance 		1840 or 860
propeller 2
Mission data submarine
Radius of action 8000 nm
Immersion depth, max. 110 m
Top
speed
submerged 		9.0 kn (17 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced 		16.0 kn (30 km / h)
Armament

The NMS Marsuinul (German: "Tümmler") was a 1941 launched submarine of the Romanian Navy . It was the first submarine built in Romania and was used in the Black Sea from 1944 . In 1944, the Soviet Union confiscated it, renamed it TS-2 , and added it to their Black Sea fleet . In 1950 it was scrapped.

The Marsuinul was launched in May 1941

Construction and technical data

The Romanian government planned and ordered the first submarine in Italy in the naval construction program of 1927, but was not able to put the Delfinul into service until 1936 . In the next construction program of 1937 three more submarines were planned, two of which were ordered. The construction was awarded to the Dutch Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (IvS), a Dutch front organization of the German Reichsmarine and designated there as Project 298 . The development of the half-sister ship Rechinul also ran under this name .

The ship was in Romania at the shipyard "Santieri Galati" in Galaţi under the hull number 929 in 1938 to set keel and with the technical support of the AG Weser built where the boat was prefabricated in parts. The launch took place on May 4, 1941 under the name Marsuinul and the designation S1 . It took until July 1943 for the boat to be completed and handed over to the Romanian Navy this month or the next.

As with her half-sister ship, the Rechinul, there are different information about the technology. Her length was 58.00 meters, she was 5.60 meters wide and had a draft of 3.60 meters. The displacement above water was 620 ts . It was a submarine with a combined drive from diesel and electric motors. The two diesel engines from the manufacturer MAN together delivered an output of 1,840 hp. The two Brown Boveri electric motors together delivered an output of 860 hp. The boat had two shafts that drove two screws . It reached a speed of 16.0 knots above water , 9 knots under water and had a range of 8,000 nautical miles. The boat had a diving depth of 110 meters. The crew consisted of 45 officers and men.

For the surfaced mission, the armament consisted of a 105 mm deck gun and a 37 mm anti-aircraft gun . The boat had six torpedo tubes (four in the bow, two in the stern). In the original design, the Marsuinul was designed as a mine- layer and should be able to carry 20 mines.

Rechinul (left) and Marsuinul (right) in the harbor in 1944

Use as Romanian Marsuinul

With the delivery to the Navy and the official commissioning in July 1943, the boat was not yet ready for use. It was only at this point in time that it was decided to abandon the concept of a mine- layer and instead use the Marsuinul as an attack submarine. For this purpose, the mine shafts were closed and the space was used for additional tanks, which made the long range and sea endurance possible for the boat. After testing and running in the boat, it was not classified as operational until April 1944.

Until Romania changed sides from the Axis Powers to the Allies in August of that year, the boat only undertook a single patrol, which lasted from May 10 to May 27, 1944. The voyage was supposed to lead to the Caucasus coast, but just one day after leaving the Marsuinul was erroneously pursued with depth charges by a German clearing boat, later by a German aircraft and war fish cutters summoned into the evening. The boat evaded via Zonguldak on the Turkish coast, then was discovered and attacked for the first time by Soviet patrol boats on May 14. This time the Marsuinul evaded for a day via Trabzon on the Turkish coast and then returned to the area of ​​operation. The boat was discovered again on May 17th and followed for the following days. A few days later, on May 20, she fought an (unconfirmed) battle with a Soviet submarine, and on the following day, 45 nautical miles southwest of Batumi, Soviet units attacked the Marsuinul again with depth charges , which damaged the boat and subsequently was no longer operational.

Soviet boat TS-2

When the coup d'état took place in Romania on August 23, 1944 and the country then continued fighting on the side of the Allies , the Marsuinul was in Constana . A few days later, on August 29th, Soviet forces occupied the boat and, like all Romanian naval units, confiscated it on September 5th. On October 20, the boat was put into service in the Soviet Black Sea Fleet as TS-2 .

The stay in the Soviet fleet did not last long: While unloading torpedoes in the port of Poti , a torpedo exploded on February 20, 1945. 14 men died and the boat sank in the harbor. It was lifted on February 28th and towed to Sevastopol for repairs, but it was no longer put into service. Nevertheless, she received the new registration N-40 in August 1947 and S-40 in June 1949 , but remained in the fleet list. It was retired in November 1950 and then scrapped from December.

literature

  • Robert Gardiner / Roger Chesneau: Conway's All the world's fighting ships 1922-1946 , Conway Maritime Press, London 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2 .
  • Erminio Bagnasco: Submarines in World War II - Technology - Class - Types. A comprehensive encyclopedia , Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01252-9 .
  • Harald Fock: Fleet Chronicle. The active warships involved in both world wars and their whereabouts , Koehler's publishing company, revised and expanded version Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-7822-0788-2 .
  • Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronik des Seekrieges 1939-1945 , edited by the working group for military research and by the library for contemporary history , Manfred Pawlak Verlagsgesellschaft, Herrsching o. J. [1968], ISBN 3-88199-0097 , extended online version under : http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/chronik.htm .
  • Eberhard Rössler : The German submarines and their shipyards. Volume 1: Submarine construction until the end of World War I, constructions for foreign countries and the years 1935–1945 (part 1) , Bernard and Graefe Verlag, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-7637-5213-7 .
  • Alexander Bredt (Ed.): Weyers Flottentaschenbuch 1956/57 , 39th year, JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1957.
  • Pierre Hervieux: The Royal Romanian Navy at War, 1941-1944 , in: Warship 2001-2002, Conway Maritime Press, London 2002, ISBN 978-0851779010 .
  • Mikhail Monakov, Jürgen Rohwer: Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs, 1935–1953 , Taylor & Francis, London 2001, ISBN 978-0714644486 .
  • Nicolae Koslinski, Raymond Stănescu: Marina Română în Al Doilea Razboi Mondial: 1939–1945 , Volumul II, Editura Făt-Frumos, București 1997. ISBN 973-552-033-8 .

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ NMS is the abbreviation for "Nava Majestǎţii Sale" and was the name prefix of Romanian ships from 1881 to 1947. NMS means "His Majesty's Ship".
  2. ↑ Gardiner, pp. 359f.
  3. ↑ a b Rössler, p. 96
  4. ↑ a b c d Marsuinul submarine (1943) , navypedia.org
  5. ↑ a b Gardiner, p. 361
  6. ↑ Hervieux, p. 83
  7. ↑ a b c d "NMS Marsuinul" , worldwar2.ro
  8. ↑ Weyer's fleet calendar, p. 134, p. 241
  9. ^ Klepsch, p. 145
  10. ↑ Bagnasco, p. 289
  11. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 5.5.- 03.06.1944 Black Sea
  12. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , Soviet U-Boat Losses in the Black Sea
  13. ↑ TS-2 submarine (1943/1944) , navypedia
  14. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 23.8.- 11.9.1944 Black Sea / Danube
  15. ↑ Monakov, p. 266, p. 274
  16. ↑ cf. Fock, p. 215