Zonguldak
| Zonguldak | ||||
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 Business center east of the river |
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| Basic data | ||||
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| Province (il) : | Zonguldak | |||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 27 ' N , 31 ° 48' E | |||
| Height : | 13 m | |||
| Residents : | 105,494 (2019) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 372 | |||
| Postal code : | 67,000 | |||
| License plate : | 67 | |||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | ||||
| Structure : | 19 Mahalle | |||
| Mayor : | Ömer Selim Alan ( AKP ) | |||
| Postal address : | Terakki Mh. Belediye Bulvarı No: 1 67100 Zonguldak |
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| Website: | ||||
| Zonguldak County | ||||
| Residents : | 123,997 (2019) | |||
| Surface: | 272 km² | |||
| Population density : | 456 inhabitants per km² | |||
Zonguldak ( ancient Greek Σανδαράκη - Sandaraca or Sandarake ) is the capital of the province of the same name on the Turkish Black Sea coast. At the same time, it is the center of a district directly subordinate to the governor (Vali), the central district ( Merkez ). The city is located about 265 kilometers by road (190 km as the crow flies) north-north-west (NNW) from the state capital Ankara .
geography
Location and situation
The central district ( Merkez ) of the provincial capital has no external contact with other provinces, but borders internally on the following districts of the Zonguldak Province: Kilimli in the northeast, Çaycuma in the east, Gökçebey in the southeast, Devrek in the south and Kozlu in the west. In the north, the Black Sea forms the natural border.
The central district does not have a top position within the province in terms of area or population, but with 460.8 inhabitants per km² it has the highest population density (for comparison, the provincial value is 179.5). After Ereğli, Zonguldak is the second largest city in the province and claims about 84.2% of the district and 17.6% of the provincial population.
In addition to the district town, the district also includes the following three municipalities ( Belediye ): Beycuma (3,583), Elvanpazarcık (3,036) and Karaman (2,146 inhabitants). There are also 23 villages ( Köy ) with an average of 480 inhabitants in the district. The population numbers range from 818 ( Himmetoğlu ) down to 95. 14 villages have more than the average population. The urban population of the district is 91.19 percent.
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Zonguldak (135 m)
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history
In ancient times the city belonged to Bithynia . The last king of Bithynia, Nicomedes IV , had bequeathed his empire to the Romans, so Zonguldak was named after his death in 74 BC. BC Roman . From 64 BC Until 295 AD the city belonged to the province of Bithynia et Pontus , after its dissolution to the province of Bithynia. Bithynia remained part of the Roman or Byzantine Empire until the eleventh century, with an interruption from 1074 to 1097 when the Seljuks conquered the country. During the time of the Latin Empire , Zonguldak was part of the Nikaia Empire .
After the first raids under Osman I led to Bithynia from 1298 , the region became part of the Ottoman Empire from 1302 .
During the First World War , the city was shelled by the Russian Navy. Zonguldak was officially occupied from June 18, 1920 during the French occupation of Cilicia .
The Zonguldak Province, formed on April 1, 1924, merged with Safranbolu in 1927.
In November 1990, 48,000 miners went on strike in Zonguldak. On March 3, 1992, more than 260 miners were killed in a mine accident; this was the worst mining disaster in Turkish history up to the Soma mining disaster .
Law No. 6360 split off two Bucaks from the central district of Zonguldak and created new districts: Kilimli and Kozlu. The district's territory was reduced by more than half, and the population fell by around 28 percent.
population
Population development
The following table shows the comparative population level at the end of the year for the province, the central district and the city of Zonguldak as well as the respective share at the higher administrative level. The figures are based on the address-based population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007.
| year | province | district | city | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutely | proportionally (%) | absolutely | proportionally (%) | absolutely | |
| 2018 | 599,698 | 20.90 | 125,339 | 84.19 | 105,529 |
| 2017 | 596,892 | 21.16 | 126303 | 85.84 | 108,424 |
| 2016 | 597.524 | 21.15 | 126,404 | 85.58 | 108.180 |
| 2015 | 595.907 | 21.19 | 126.281 | 85.58 | 108.074 |
| 2014 | 598,796 | 21.19 | 126,864 | 85.30 | 108.213 |
| 2013 | 601,567 | 20.93 | 125.914 | 85.60 | 107,783 |
| 2012 | 606.527 | 35.21 | 213,544 | 51.08 | 109,080 |
| 2011 | 612.406 | 35.17 | 215,407 | 51.09 | 110.043 |
| 2010 | 619.703 | 34.79 | 215,565 | 50.60 | 109,081 |
| 2009 | 619.812 | 34.93 | 216,481 | 50.25 | 108,792 |
| 2008 | 619.151 | 34.56 | 213.992 | 49.52 | 105,979 |
| 2007 | 615,890 | 35.06 | 215.922 | 49.72 | 107.354 |
Census results
The following population information about the city, the district, the province and the country is available
for the censuses : The figures for the previous censuses (1945–960) were taken from the corresponding ebooks:
- Genel nüfus sayımı 1945
- Umumî nüfus sayımı 1950
- Genel nüfus sayımı 1955
- Genel nüfus sayımı 1960
| region | 1945 | 1950 | 1955 | 1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City (Şehir) | 32,978 | 35,722 | 47,589 | 54.010 | 55,404 | 77,135 | 90.221 | 109.044 | 117,879 | 116,725 | 104.276 |
| central circle (Merkez) * | 46,318 | 51,152 | 62,879 | 132.178 | 148.041 | 173.217 | 194,700 | 231,580 | 250.164 | 249.610 | 218,422 |
| Province (İl) | 383,481 | 426,684 | 491.147 | 569.059 | 650.191 | 743.654 | 836.156 | 954.512 | 1,044,945 | 1,073,560 | 615,599 |
| Turkey | 18,790,174 | 20,947,188 | 24,064,763 | 27,754,820 | 31,391,421 | 35.605.176 | 40,347,719 | 44,736,957 | 50,664,458 | 56.473.035 | 67,803,927 |
* excluding the city of Zonguldak
economy
The city's economy is mainly based on the mining of hard coal in the area, which is brought to the port by rail and loaded there: In the port city of Ereğli, about 60 kilometers west of Zonguldak, there is a steelworks of the Erdemir group. The area's agricultural products include strawberries . Zonguldak is the seat of Kara Elmas University .
Cityscape
The business center extends on the eastern side of a small river that flows through the harbor basin to the sea. Only a small part of the built-up urban area in the semicircle around the industrial port lies on the plain. The coastal road runs right near the shore. Immediately behind it rise the wooded foothills of the Pontic Mountains . The outskirts with high apartment blocks grow up to the limit of what is feasible on the steep slopes. The higher-lying residential areas are accessed through kilometers of streets running parallel to the slope, with pedestrians taking shortcuts via flights of stairs perpendicular to them.
There are several simple hotels. The bus station is half a kilometer west on the coast, the railway station in the river valley a little south of the center.
Sights in the area
- Beaches of Kapuz and Uzunkum
- Gökgöl Mağarası, stalactite cave
- Cehennemağzı Cave ("Hell's Throat Cave"), west of the city. The mythical hero and demigod Heracles is said to have killed the three-headed hellhound Kerberos here.
Sports
The most famous football club is called Zonguldakspor , which played in the First Turkish Football League from 1974 to 1988 . The Zonguldak basketball team is named after the steel company Erdemir and plays in the First Turkish Basketball League .
sons and daughters of the town
- Ahmet Bektas (* 1967), musician
- Tayfun Belgin (* 1956), German art historian
- Onur Karakabak (* 1992), football player
- Tümer Metin (* 1974), football player
- Ergün Penbe (* 1972), football coach
- Ertuğrul Sağlam (* 1969), football coach
- Aytaç Eryılmaz (* 1952), textbook author
- Fuat Bultan (1933–2013), Turkish-German radio presenter
- Enver Cenk Şahin (* 1994), football player
- Mümtaz Soysal (1929–2019), legal scholar, columnist and politician
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları , accessed on April 13, 2020
- ^ Foss, C .: Places: 845055 (Sandarake) . Pleiades. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
- ↑ About: Sandarake, Zonguldak , Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire, accessed November 2, 2019
- ↑ Bakın! Zonguldak'ın eski adı "Sandarake" neymiş? (Look! What was that old name of Zonguldak's "Sandarake"?) , Article by journalist Hayati Yılmaz on the history of the city and its old names (Turkish), website of the Turkish TV station Elmas www.elmas67.com, April 2, 2018, accessed on November 2, 2019
- ^ History
- ^ Zonguldak: Biggest strike in the history of Turkey , Dieter Falk in Neues Deutschland , January 2, 1991, accessed October 21, 2018
- ↑ Law No. 6360 (Turkish)
- ↑ Central Dissemination System / Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi (MEDAS) of the TÜIK , accessed on August 9, 2019
- ↑ Genel Nüfus Sayımları - İllere göre ilçe, bucak, belde ve köy nufusları (census results 1965 to 2000) , accessed on August 14, 2019
- ↑ General review of the population on October 21, 1945 (Turkish / French)
- ↑ General review of the population on October 22, 1950 (Turkish / French)
- ↑ Census of Population 23 October 1955 (Turkish / English)
- ↑ Census of Population 23 October 1960 (Turkish / English)
