Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw

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Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw
legal form Naamloze Vennootschap (NV)
founding July 1922
resolution 1933
Seat The hague
management Dr. Ing. E. h. Hans Techel (1925-1938)
Branch shipbuilding

The Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV (official abbreviation: INKAVOS or IVS) was a company founded in the Netherlands in July 1922 after the First World War . It was founded with the participation of Friedrich Krupp AG on the basis of an agreement between the German Reichsmarineamt in Berlin and the Krupp management. This was done with the intention of operating a cover organization with the aim of acquiring German knowledge of ships and submarines through the engineering office registered as a company, in addition to actual shipbuilding developments-Building to maintain and further develop, in accordance with the agreement reached in the background, of course in favor of the German Imperial Navy . This route was chosen in order to circumvent the restrictions imposed on Germany during the Weimar Republic under the so-called Versailles Treaty that came into force on January 10, 1920 .

Development of submarines under Dr. Hans Techel

The Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV first moved to an office in 's-Gravenhage (The Hague) at the intersection of Gedempte Burgwal 1 and Wagenstraat. From 1925 to 1938, Dr. Hans Techel was commissioned as director of INKAVOS, who had already made a name for himself earlier in the construction of submarines for World War I. In 1931 , the Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV moved to other offices at Kneuterdijk 8, also in s-Gravenhage (The Hague).

In difficult times for civil shipbuilding in the 1930s, five Dutch shipyards merged on November 21, 1934 to form the Nederlandsche Vereenigde Scheepsbouw Bureaux, (official abbreviation: Nevesbu or NVSB) and in 1936 they moved into the same building next to INKAVOS on Kneuterdijk 8 your planning office. A close cooperation was established, which also meant that well-known German shipbuilding developers from INKAVOS were also active in leading positions in the shipyards involved in Nevesbu. During the war, the Dutch Nevesbu was finally integrated into INKAVOS, which was under German management and which in turn opened and maintained branches in Germany in the later 1930s.

The INKAVOS company was co-financed by the German Navy, unless it was self-financed from orders. INKAVOS was an economically active working group (a joint venture in today's understanding) between the shipyards Vulcan-Werke Hamburg , Stettin Actiengesellschaft (until 1929), F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel and the Aktien-Gesellschaft "Weser" in Bremen, as well as the mentor balance sheet from Berlin, which also co-financed the necessary funds. Design and planning work was also carried out in the companies of these participating shipyards in Germany.

The Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV also designed construction methods and building processes, but initially they were primarily concerned with a few tasks for civil shipbuilding, but then rapidly increasingly with shipbuilding for military purposes. The main focus was on several types of submarines and the requirements from other countries.

  • After secret German-Finnish talks, Finland commissioned a submarine of the 500 to category, which was then built at the Crichton volcano shipyard in Turku from 1929 . There were a total of five orders for submarines that were built in Turku, including CV 707, later Vesikko , the prototype of the German class IIA submarines. In 1928 Finland commissioned two coastal armored ships of the 3,900 ton category, which were also built in Turku and were considered the flagships of the Finnish Navy.
  • For example, INKAVOS also delivered designs for the Netherlands for the construction of the cruiser Hr.Ms., which was then ordered from the Wilton-Fijenoord shipyard in 1932 and commissioned in 1936 . De Ruyter .
  • A Portuguese request from their military navy for frigates and submarines not only led to an international competition in 1930 , but also to the competition between INKAVOS and Nevesbu; however, the assignment should not be shared.
  • In an order from Sweden , three submarines of a 500-ton category were developed: Dolphins (Indst. December 20, 1934), Nordkaparen (Indst. February 9, 1935), Springaren (Indst. April 27, 1935)
  • The S-Class (Stalinez-Class) like the submarine S-13 , which was built in the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard in Gorky and put into service in 1941 , was designed for the Soviet Union .
  • For Turkey , two submarines were designed a class of 505 to displacement, from 1925 built at the shipyard Fijenoord and 1,928 delivered. The 750-to-submarine developed by INKAVOS was planned for Turkey for use in the Atlantic starting in 1929 and built by the Basque shipyard entrepreneur Horacio Echevarrieta in Cádiz, Spain . It was sold to Turkey as Gür in 1935 .
Reconstructed sectional drawing of submarine class VII
Class VII submarine (variant VII-C)

In addition to the benefits that were derived from such planning and project planning from third-party orders, the Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV was also busy developing prototypes for the German submarine class II and submarine class VII . In terms of training, crew selection and test runs, Germans were involved in all developments and thus gained first-hand operational experience with the new submarines for all clients. After the seizure of power of the Nazis in 1933 , the Imperial Navy began starting around 1936 with the development of its own submarine fleet. The training of full crews was then started in Kiel .

The last development orders for Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV came from Romania in 1942 for the submarines NMS Requinul and NMS Marsuinul . After completing these orders, the INKAVOS employees returned to Germany.

According to the NIMH Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie, this list of development orders is probably not complete, since not all of the plans are available from the documents of the former INKAVOS.

The INKAVOS was liquidated by the Dutch authorities after the end of the war, with an unexplained substance being transferred to the Nederlandsche Vereenigde Scheepsbouw Bureaux (Nevesbu or NVSB).

literature

  • Eberhard Rössler : The German submarines and their shipyards. Volume 1: U-boat building until the end of World War I, constructions for foreign countries and the years 1935–1945 (part 1) , Bernard and Graefe Verlag, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-7637-5213-7 , pp. 74f., P. 96f.
  • Gerhart Hass: Germany in World War II: preparation, unleashing and course of the war until June 22, 1941 Akademie Verlag, 1974
  • JA Maiolo: The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933–39: A Study in Appeasement and the Origins of the Second World War Palgrave Macmillan, 1998
  • J. Anten: Navalisme nekt onderzeeboot Pallas Publications Amsterdam Iniverity Press, 2011
  • Archives Portal Europe: Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw NV (INKAVOS) NIMH Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie Nederlands, 2017
  • E. Rössler: History of the German submarine construction Verlag Bernard & Graefe 1996
  • E. Rössler: The German submarine design offices German ship archive 1997
  • SJ de Groot: Een vos in schaapskleren: ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw IvS / Inkavos. Een Duits-Nederlandse samenwerking 1922-1945 Verlag De Bataafsche Leeuw 2015
  • J. Rohweder, P. Neumann: Quieter, deeper, faster: Innovations in the German U-Boot-Bau Maximilian Verlag

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