Martin Brod
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Martin Brod Мартин Брод |
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| Basic data | |||
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| State : | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
| Entity : | Federation of BiH | ||
| Canton : | Una-sana | ||
| Municipality : | Bihać | ||
| Coordinates : | 44 ° 30 ' N , 16 ° 9' E | ||
| Height : | 330 m. i. J. | ||
| Residents : | 125 (2013) | ||
Martin Brod ( Cyrillic Мартин Брод) is a place in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina . It belongs to the municipality of Bihać and thus to the canton of Una-Sana .
geography
The center is a few hundred meters east of the Croatian border in a basin of the Una and Unac rivers , which meet here. The greater part of Martin Brod lies between the two rivers, but there are also some newer buildings north of the Unac and west of the Una. The Una forms a large waterfall in the village, which is part of the Una National Park.
The Unac Gorge, which ends in Martin Brod, is a destination for climbers, water sports enthusiasts and anglers with its steep rock faces and waterfalls.
history
In the village there is the active Serbian Orthodox Monastery of St. Nikolai Rmanj ( Светониколајевски Манастир Рма ), whose roots go back to the 15th century when it was founded by Katarina Branković , the daughter of the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . The foundation goes back to the death of her son Herman, who died here at the age of 17. The current name of the monastery is therefore also seen as an abbreviation of the name Herman . The earlier name of the place as Herman-grad or the monastery as Ermain has been handed down.
The monastery is the center of the Orthodox faith in this part of Bosnia. It was the seat of the Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosnia for 110 years . In the 20th century it was first destroyed in the Second World War in 1944, rebuilt in the 1980s, plundered and badly damaged again in the Croatian and Bosnian wars and last renovated in 2001.
In the Bosnian War, the local population fled towards Banja Luka at the end of the war . The place was occupied by Croatian police officers at the time. In autumn 1997 - shortly before the planned return of Serbian refugees - around 50 Croatians received permission from the local authorities to move into former Serbian houses. The return attempt at the beginning of October was initially foiled by them, whereupon Canadian SFOR soldiers intervened on October 7, 1997 to restore order in the village. It was not until the summer of 1999 that most of the former residents returned to the village.
Border conflict with Croatia
Towards the end of 1998 the simmering border conflict between Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina over Martin Brod escalated . After the High Representative Carlos Westendorp and the Bosnian government had repeatedly asked the Croatian side to withdraw their police units stationed in Martin Brod, Canadian SFOR units advanced on the morning of 23 December after Martin Brod. In a speech to recruits, Franjo Tuđman had previously threatened that he would be ready to take action against SFOR troops in the event of an international intervention with the Croatian army. That sparked outrage in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The four Croatian police officers present in Martin Brod were disarmed and sent back to Croatia across the international border. The Croatian flags at the train station were brought in and the border was secured with barbed wire. At the urging of the Croatian Foreign Minister Mate Granić , Interior Minister Ivan Penić and Defense Minister Miljavac then withdrew all of the troops prepared by Tuđman - around 40 to 50 special forces. When the latter found out, he called a special session of the National Security Council, at which he held Penic responsible for the fact that the police officers did not defend themselves.
The situation had come to a head a few months earlier during the negotiations on the reopening of the Bihać-Knin railway line, as the Croatian side insisted that Martin Brod's station was on Croatian territory and wanted to use it as their border station. As a result, Croatian police forces were sent to Martin Brod.
population
Martin Brod's basin is mostly inhabited by Serbs . At the 1991 census, 320 of the then 328 inhabitants identified themselves as Serbs, which corresponds to a share of 97.5 percent.
At the 2013 census, Martin Brod only had 125 inhabitants.
economy
Martin Brod is the location of a fish farm belonging to the RIZ Krajina Bihać company , which is located on the banks of the Unac right at the entrance to its gorge.
tourism
In addition to the Rmanj Monastery and the Unac Gorge, the great Una waterfalls near the village and the dilapidated border watchtower from the time of the Ottoman rule over Bosnia near the monastery are among the sights.
In spring 2008 the area between Martin Brod and Ripač was proclaimed the "Una National Park". This is the first national park of the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina. There are a few small pensions in the village, and an “ecotourism settlement” between Martin Brod and Kulen Vakuf is currently under construction.
traffic
An asphalted local road leads in serpentines out of the valley and then above the Unac gorge to Drvar . A partially unpaved, but easily navigable path connects Martin Brod with Kulen Vakuf, 10 km away . There is no official border crossing to Croatia despite the nearby border line and a road connection (as of 2020).
The place has a train station on the Una Railway ( Bihać - Knin ), which is located a little west of the place and functions as a border station. However, the route is currently not regularly used by passenger trains (as of 2020).
Dam plans
In 2006, plans of the administration of the canton Una-Sana and the federal government became known to build a hydropower plant on the Una below Martin Brod, in whose reservoir the town of Martin Brod including the Rmanj monastery and large parts of the Unac gorge as well as the Una-Bahn would sink. This met with sharp protests from the Serbian Orthodox Church, various international organizations and the Republika Srpska .
In July 2015, the city council of Bihać unanimously withdrew a previously granted building permit for a hydropower plant above the city after protests by residents and environmental organizations.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://lazarus.elte.hu/hun/digkonyv/topo/200e/34-44.jpg
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Amnesty International )
- ↑ http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/trae/archive/data/199812/81226-003-trae-zag.htm
- ↑ Article on www.balkanpeace.org
- ^ Website of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
- ↑ Results of the 2013 census on statistika.ba
- ↑ Balkanrivers.net: Hydroelectric power plants in Una National Park stopped. Article dated July 27, 2015, accessed November 2, 2015
